Table 4. Hazard ratios (95%CI) for any cardiovascular disease event per hour/day increase in television viewing in subgroups according to physical activity level, body mass index, gender, education level, age and clustered metabolic risk, in 12,608 men and women in EPIC Norfolk, 1998–2007.
Classification by | Category (n° CVD events/n) | Hazard ratio (95%CI) |
PAEE level | Low (1,663/6,109) | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) |
High (957/6,499) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | |
Body mass index | Normal weight (754/4,634) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) |
Overweight or obese (1,866/7,974) | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) | |
Gender * | Men (1,351/5,465) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
Women (1,269/7,143) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | |
Education | Low or O level (1,307/5,445) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
A level or Degree (1,313/7,163) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | |
Age | ≤60 year of age (591/6,106) | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) |
>60 year of age (2,029/6,502) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | |
Clustered metabolic risk † | Low (827/5,887) | 1.08 (1.02–1.13) |
High (1,615/5,889) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) |
Participants with self-reported or diagnosed history of stroke, myocardial infarction or cancer at baseline were excluded.
Models are adjusted for age, gender, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication for hypertension, medication for dyslipidaemia, medication for depression, baseline diabetes status, family history of cardiovascular disease, sleep duration and total physical activity energy expenditure.
*Models did not include gender;
†6.6% of participants had missing data.