Fig. 5.

Gene expression altered by microstructures. Global microarray gene expression analysis was performed using RNA isolated from 10 day cultures of myocytes in 3D gels with or without microstructures (n=3). (a) Over 250 unique genes significantly altered by microstructures (p<0.05) were grouped by biological process. Several ontology categories with relevance to cardiac muscle (highlighted in yellow) were explored to yield a list of 10 genes of interest. (b) The filtered genes are listed and shown with corresponding chip-level expression values (red = higher normalized expression). (c) Expression changes were confirmed for several genes by independent real-time PCR analysis, showing significant microstructure-related increases in adrenergic receptor beta-1 (β1-AR, 1.19±0.01), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2, 1.6± 0.12), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP, 1.26±0.02), ankyrin-1 (ANK1, 1.42±0.05), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIII heart/muscle (COX8H, 2.05±0.2) when normalized to a beta-2 micro-globulin (β2M) housekeeping control gene (n=4). Mean ± SEM. #p< 0.01, *p<0.05