TABLE 2.
Bivariate Analysis of Associations Between Patient- and Hospital-Level Factors and Performance of Orchidopexy by the Age of 2 in Boys With UDT
| Factor | OR (95% CI)a | Pb |
|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Black (referent) | — | <.001 |
| White/Hispanic | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | |
| White/non-Hispanic | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | |
| Other | 1.47 (1.35–1.60) | |
| Insurance type | ||
| Public (or none) (referent) | — | .65 |
| Private | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | |
| Region | ||
| West (referent) | — | .03 |
| South | 1.09 (1.13–1.17) | |
| Midwest | 1.14 (1.03–1.25) | |
| Northeast | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) | |
| Hospital teaching status | ||
| Nonteaching (referent) | — | .48 |
| Teaching | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | |
| Comorbidity level | ||
| Minor (referent) | — | .35 |
| Moderate | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | |
| Major | 1.08 (0.49–2.38) | |
| Surgeon type | ||
| Urologist (referent) | — | .71 |
| Pediatric surgeon | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | |
| Year of treatmentc | ||
| 1999 (referent) | — | .21 |
| 2004 | 1.20 (0.99–1.46) | |
| 2008 | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | |
| Average annual hospital volume | ||
| Lowest quartile (referent) | — | .20 |
| Other quartiles | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | |
| Hospital No. | ||
| 1 (referent) | — | <.001 |
| 15 | 1.84 (1.32–2.57) | |
| 31 | 2.75 (1.97–3.83) |
a
ORs were estimated from logistic regression.
b
P was calculated by using Fisher’s exact test for binary and χ2 test for categorical predictors.
c
No significant trend over time (P = .32 by Mantel-Haenszel χ2 trend test).