Table 3.
10-Year Cumulative Incidence of Mortality Among 5-Year Survivors of Childhood Cancer
| Diagnosis | 1974-1980 |
1981-1987 |
1988-1994 |
1995-2000 |
P* | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Cumulative Incidence | 95% CI | No. | Cumulative Incidence | 95% CI | No. | Cumulative Incidence | 95% CI | No. | Cumulative Incidence | 95% CI | ||
| All-cause | |||||||||||||
| All diagnoses | 4,266 | 7.1 | 6.4 to 7.8 | 4,958 | 5.8 | 5.2 to 6.5 | 6,809 | 4.0 | 3.6 to 4.5 | 2,311 | 3.9 | 3.3 to 4.4 | < .001 |
| All leukemias | 673 | 15.1 | 12.6 to 17.6 | 920 | 9.7 | 7.9 to 11.5 | 1,535 | 5.0 | 4.0 to 6.1 | 543 | 4.1 | 3.0 to 5.2 | < .001 |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 555 | 14.8 | 12.0 to 17.5 | 805 | 8.7 | 6.8 to 10.6 | 1,306 | 4.8 | 3.7 to 5.9 | 467 | 4.2 | 3.0 to 5.4 | < .001 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 59 | 10.5 | 3.1 to 17.9 | 72 | 10.1 | 3.4 to 16.8 | 153 | 4.9 | 1.6 to 8.2 | 59 | 4.7 | 0.8 to 8.6 | .19 |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | 661 | 8.4 | 6.3 to 10.4 | 647 | 5.1 | 3.5 to 6.8 | 762 | 3.7 | 2.4 to 5.0 | 220 | 1.5 | 0.5 to 2.4 | < .001 |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | 177 | 5.9 | 2.5 to 9.2 | 300 | 3.6 | 1.5 to 5.7 | 399 | 1.5 | 0.3 to 2.7 | 145 | 1.2 | 0.0 to 2.4 | .006 |
| All CNS tumors | 539 | 9.0 | 6.7 to 11.3 | 679 | 7.6 | 5.6 to 9.5 | 1,040 | 5.4 | 4.1 to 6.7 | 348 | 7.1 | 5.0 to 9.2 | .17 |
| Astrocytoma | 339 | 6.3 | 3.8 to 8.8 | 411 | 5.1 | 3.0 to 7.2 | 631 | 2.8 | 1.5 to 4.0 | 198 | 5.9 | 3.0 to 8.7 | .13 |
| Medulloblastoma | 80 | 17.6 | 9.9 to 25.2 | 112 | 12.7 | 6.8 to 18.5 | 185 | 7.5 | 3.8 to 11.2 | 58 | 8.7 | 4.2 to 13.2 | .11 |
| Ependymoma | 28 | 10.1 | 0.0 to 21.2 | 40 | 16.9 | 6.1 to 27.6 | 66 | 13.9 | 6.2 to 21.5 | 35 | 13.4 | 4.8 to 21.9 | .61 |
| Osteosarcoma | 98 | 4.8 | 0.7 to 8.9 | 108 | 8.4 | 3.4 to 13.5 | 166 | 11.3 | 6.7 to 15.9 | 59 | 12.3 | 6.0 to 18.6 | .71 |
| Ewing sarcoma | 52 | 7.1 | 0.3 to 13.8 | 73 | 16.5 | 8.5 to 24.4 | 104 | 8.6 | 3.5 to 13.7 | 26 | 8.9 | 2.9 to 14.9 | .03 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 96 | 6.8 | 1.9 to 11.7 | 126 | 6.6 | 2.4 to 10.8 | 165 | 1.8 | 0.0 to 3.8 | 61 | 3.7 | 0.7 to 6.7 | .05 |
| Neuroblastoma | 160 | 4.1 | 1.1 to 7.1 | 191 | 3.5 | 1.0 to 6.1 | 284 | 3.6 | 1.5 to 5.7 | 91 | 4.9 | 1.9 to 7.9 | .65 |
| Hepatic tumors | 12 | 7.1 | 0.0 to 21.1 | 36 | 5.5 | 0.0 to 13.0 | 47 | 2.0 | 0.0 to 5.8 | 16 | 2.6 | 0.0 to 7.6 | .70 |
| Renal tumors | 202 | 1.0 | 0.0 to 2.3 | 263 | 1.1 | 0.0 to 2.4 | 348 | 1.6 | 0.3 to 2.9 | 89 | 1.6 | 0.0 to 3.2 | .49 |
| Retinoblastoma | 105 | 1.9 | 0.0 to 4.5 | 120 | 4.0 | 0.5 to 7.4 | 176 | 1.0 | 0.0 to 2.5 | 47 | 0.9 | 0.0 to 2.8 | .75 |
| Recurrence/progression | |||||||||||||
| All diagnoses | 4,266 | 5.1 | 4.5 to 5.8 | 4,958 | 4.1 | 3.5 to 4.6 | 6,809 | 2.8 | 2.4 to 3.2 | 2,311 | 2.8 | 2.3 to 3.3 | < .001 |
| All leukemias | 673 | 12.5 | 10.2 to 14.8 | 920 | 7.7 | 6.1 to 9.4 | 1,535 | 3.6 | 2.7 to 4.5 | 543 | 3.3 | 2.3 to 4.3 | < .001 |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 555 | 12.0 | 9.5 to 14.5 | 805 | 7.0 | 5.3 to 8.7 | 1,306 | 3.4 | 2.4 to 4.3 | 467 | 3.5 | 2.4 to 4.5 | < .001 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 59 | 9.0 | 2.1 to 15.9 | 72 | 6.3 | 0.9 to 11.7 | 153 | 4.3 | 1.2 to 7.4 | 59 | 3.0 | 0.0 to 6.4 | .36 |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | 661 | 6.3 | 4.5 to 8.0 | 647 | 3.4 | 2.0 to 4.7 | 762 | 2.3 | 1.2 to 3.3 | 220 | 0.8 | 0.1 to 1.4 | < .001 |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | 177 | 2.1 | 0.1 to 4.2 | 300 | 1.6 | 0.2 to 3.0 | 399 | 0.2 | 0.0 to 0.7 | 145 | 0.4 | 0.0 to 1.0 | .15 |
| All CNS tumors | 539 | 6.8 | 4.7 to 8.8 | 679 | 5.2 | 3.6 to 6.8 | 1,040 | 4.4 | 3.2 to 5.6 | 348 | 5.4 | 3.6 to 7.3 | .17 |
| Astrocytoma | 339 | 4.9 | 2.7 to 7.2 | 411 | 3.0 | 1.4 to 4.7 | 631 | 2.3 | 1.1 to 3.4 | 198 | 4.3 | 1.7 to 6.8 | .08 |
| Medulloblastoma | 80 | 13.4 | 6.6 to 20.3 | 112 | 11.1 | 5.6 to 16.6 | 185 | 7.5 | 3.8 to 11.2 | 58 | 6.8 | 2.9 to 10.8 | .18 |
| Ependymoma | 28 | 6.7 | 0.0 to 15.7 | 40 | 12.6 | 3.1 to 22.2 | 66 | 10.1 | 3.4 to 16.8 | 35 | 10.1 | 2.7 to 17.5 | .56 |
| Osteosarcoma | 98 | 2.9 | 0.0 to 6.1 | 108 | 5.9 | 1.6 to 10.1 | 166 | 7.5 | 3.7 to 11.3 | 59 | 8.0 | 3.2 to 12.9 | .78 |
| Ewing sarcoma | 52 | 1.8 | 0.0 to 5.3 | 73 | 14.1 | 6.7 to 21.6 | 104 | 6.0 | 1.7 to 10.4 | 26 | 6.9 | 1.5 to 12.3 | .01 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 96 | 4.9 | 0.7 to 9.0 | 126 | 4.4 | 0.9 to 7.8 | 165 | 1.2 | 0.0 to 2.8 | 61 | 2.9 | 0.3 to 5.4 | .17 |
| Neuroblastoma | 160 | 1.8 | 0.0 to 3.7 | 191 | 2.0 | 0.1 to 4.0 | 284 | 2.9 | 1.0 to 4.8 | 91 | 4.9 | 1.9 to 7.9 | .06 |
| Hepatic tumors | 12 | 7.1 | 0.0 to 21.1 | 36 | 2.7 | 0.0 to 8.0 | 47 | 2.0 | 0.0 to 5.8 | 16 | 2.6 | 0.0 to 7.6 | .30 |
| Renal tumors | 202 | 1.0 | 0.0 to 2.3 | 263 | 0.7 | 0.0 to 1.8 | 348 | 1.4 | 0.2 to 2.6 | 89 | 1.3 | 0.0 to 2.8 | .58 |
| Retinoblastoma | 105 | 0.0 | 120 | 1.6 | 0.0 to 3.8 | 176 | 0.0 | 47 | 0.0 | .29 | |||
| Nonrecurrence/nonexternal cause | |||||||||||||
| All diagnoses | 4,266 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.3 | 4,958 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 6,809 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 0.9 | 2,311 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.0 | .45 |
| All leukemias | 673 | 1.1 | 0.4 to 1.9 | 920 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 1.6 | 1,535 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 1.3 | 543 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 1.0 | .39 |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 555 | 1.1 | 0.3 to 1.9 | 805 | 0.8 | 0.2 to 1.4 | 1,306 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 1.3 | 467 | 0.5 | 0.1 to 0.9 | .28 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 59 | 1.5 | 0.0 to 4.4 | 72 | 1.3 | 0.0 to 3.7 | 153 | 0.6 | 0.0 to 1.8 | 59 | 1.7 | 0.0 to 3.7 | .24 |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | 661 | 1.4 | 0.5 to 2.3 | 647 | 1.2 | 0.4 to 2.0 | 762 | 0.8 | 0.2 to 1.4 | 220 | 0.7 | 0.0 to 1.4 | .48 |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | 177 | 0.5 | 0.0 to 1.6 | 300 | 1.0 | 0.0 to 2.1 | 399 | 1.2 | 0.2 to 2.3 | 145 | 0.5 | 0.0 to 1.1 | .93 |
| All CNS tumors | 539 | 1.9 | 0.8 to 3.0 | 679 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 2.6 | 1,040 | 0.5 | 0.1 to 1.0 | 348 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.0 | .94 |
| Astrocytoma | 339 | 1.1 | 0.0 to 2.2 | 411 | 1.6 | 0.4 to 2.8 | 631 | 0.2 | 0.0 to 0.4 | 198 | 1.0 | 0.2 to 1.9 | .80 |
| Medulloblastoma | 80 | 3.1 | 0.0 to 6.6 | 112 | 1.6 | 0.0 to 3.8 | 185 | 0.0 | 58 | 1.4 | 0.0 to 3.5 | .76 | |
| Ependymoma | 28 | 3.5 | 0.0 to 10.2 | 40 | 0.0 | 66 | 2.5 | 0.0 to 5.8 | 35 | 3.3 | 0.0 to 8.0 | .82 | |
| Osteosarcoma | 98 | 1.0 | 0.0 to 2.8 | 108 | 2.6 | 0.0 to 5.4 | 166 | 1.1 | 0.0 to 2.6 | 59 | 1.5 | 0.0 to 4.5 | .97 |
| Ewing sarcoma | 52 | 1.8 | 0.0 to 5.2 | 73 | 1.2 | 0.0 to 3.5 | 104 | 1.7 | 0.0 to 4.1 | 26 | 1.2 | 0.0 to 3.6 | .90 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 96 | 1.9 | 0.0 to 4.6 | 126 | 1.5 | 0.0 to 3.5 | 165 | 0.6 | 0.0 to 1.8 | 61 | 0.0 | .42 | |
| Neuroblastoma | 160 | 1.8 | 0.0 to 3.8 | 191 | 1.0 | 0.0 to 2.4 | 284 | 0.7 | 0.0 to 1.6 | 91 | 0.0 | .31 | |
| Hepatic tumors | 12 | 0.0 | 36 | 2.8 | 0.0 to 8.2 | 47 | 0.0 | 16 | 0.0 | .34 | |||
| Renal tumors | 202 | 0.0 | 263 | 0.0 | 348 | 0.0 | 89 | 0.3 | 0.0 to 0.9 | .21 | |||
| Retinoblastoma | 105 | 0.9 | 0.0 to 2.8 | 120 | 0.8 | 0.0 to 2.3 | 176 | 0.5 | 0.0 to 1.5 | 47 | 0.9 | 0.0 to 2.8 | .76 |
*
Based on the comparison of cumulative mortality curves for the four time periods.