(A) Comparison of mRNA expression levels of 6 genes in diseased vs. adjacent normal intestinal tissues from CD patients: NKX2-3 (n = 30), VEGFA (n = 30), PI3K (n = 31), AKT (n = 28), eNOS (n = 24), and EDN1 (n = 30). RT-PCR was carried out on surgically excised diseased and adjacent normal intestinal tissues from CD patients. The RT-PCR product bands on the photograph were scanned by densitometry. RT-PCR results were normalized by GAPDH as fold change for each patient. Data are presented as the means. (B) Comparison of mRNA expression levels of 6 genes in diseased vs. adjacent normal intestinal tissues from UC patients: NKX2-3 (n = 30), VEGFA (n = 32), PI3K (n = 32), AKT (n = 21), eNOS (n = 23), and EDN1 (n = 27). RT-PCR was carried out on surgically excised diseased and adjacent normal intestinal tissues from UC patients. Data are presented as the means.