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. 2011 May 26;7(5):e1002085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085

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Nishino et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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During reprogramming from somatic cells to iPSCs, the cells undergo dynamic change of methylation of SS-DMRs and genome. The cells with incomplete reprogramming or excessive hyper-methylation of the genome fail to maintain pluripotency at early passages. Human iPSCs are transgene-independently reprogrammed gradually through “convergence” of periodic aberrant hyper-methylation and become closer to ESCs upon continuous passaging. Due to the sensitivity to aberrant methylation on X chromosome, XY-iPSCs become close to ESCs faster than XX-iPSCs do.