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. 2011 May 26;7(5):e1002055. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002055

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Keramati et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) When each trial begins, one of the two stimuli, or , is presented in random on a screen. The subject can then choose whether to touch the screen ( action) or not ( action). The task is performed in three phases: training, reversal, and extinction. During the training phase, the subject will receive a reward if the stimulus is presented and the action is performed by the subject, or if the stimulus is presented and the action is selected (). During the reversal phase, the reward function is reversed, meaning that the action must be chosen when the stimulus is presented, and vice versa (). Finally, during the extinction phase, regardless of the presented stimulus, only the action leads to a reward (). (B) During both the training and reversal phases, subjects' reaction time is high at the early stages when they don't have enough experience with the new conditions yet. However, after some trials, the reaction time declines significantly. Error bars represent .

Inline graphic — (A) When each trial begins, one of the two stimuli, or , is presented in random on a screen. The subject can then choose whether to touch the screen ( action) or not ( action). The task is performed in three phases: training, reversal, and extinction. During the training phase, the subject will receive a reward if the stimulus is presented and the action is performed by the subject, or if the stimulus is presented and the action is selected (). During the reversal phase, the reward function is reversed, meaning that the action must be chosen when the stimulus is presented, and vice versa (). Finally, during the extinction phase, regardless of the presented stimulus, only the action leads to a reward (). (B) During both the training and reversal phases, subjects' reaction time is high at the early stages when they don't have enough experience with the new conditions yet. However, after some trials, the reaction time declines significantly. Error bars represent .