Table 1.

Evaluation items at admission

1.	Gender	Male
2.	Age	85 years or above
3.	Fracture type	Femoral neck fracture
4.	Anemia	Hemoglobin 12 g/dl or lower for men, 11 g/dl or lower for women
5.	Liver function	GOT 40 1U/I or above, GPT 35 IU/I or above
6.	Renal function	BUN 20 mg/dl or above
7.	Electrolyte abnormality	Positive
8.	Urinary glucose	Positive
9.	Inflammation status	CRP 0.5 mg/dl or above
10.	Lung function	Abnormal chest X-ray and with a medical diagnose
11.	Heart function	Abnormal ECG (arrhythmia, ischemic changes, etc.)
12.	Chronic systemic diseasea	Presence or absence of diabetes, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, etc.
13.	Dementia	Present
14.	Walking ability before injury	Can walk unaided or aided by cane

^aEleven diseases as described previously, GOT glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GPT glutamate pyruvate transaminase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ECG electrocardiogram, CRP C-reactive protein