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. 2011 May 11;400(9):2847–2864. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5047-7

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Luminescence emission processes of a general europium chelate. An antenna ligand absorbs the excitation energy and transfers it to the T1 level via intersystem crossing, from which it is transferred to the chelated Eu3+ and emitted via several transitions