TABLE 4.

Structural Mode: Standardized Path Coefficients and Model Fit

Path	EA	AA	APIA	Multiracial
n	644	478	491	442
Low SES to poor parental monitoring	.70^*	.44^*	.49^*	.28^*
Low SES to lack of neighborhood safety	.70^*	.39	.66^*	.65^*
Low SES to peer antisocial beliefs	.68^*	.24	.52^*	.64^*
Low SES to family socialization	.05	.23	.06	−.12
Poor monitoring to family socialization	−.72^*	−.67^*	−.51^*	−.65^*
Family socialization to bonding to parents	.74^*	.68^*	.74^*	.77^*
Neighborhood safety to youth beliefs	.10^*	.23^*	.22^*	.24^*
Peer beliefs to youth beliefs	.39^*	.24^*	.36^*	.30^*
Bonding to parents to youth beliefs	−.30^*	−.09	−.04	−.15^*
Youth beliefs to substance use	.60^*	.53^*	.43^*	.69^*
Youth beliefs to violent behaviors	.60^*	.43^*	.56^*	.67^*
Fit indices of the model
χ²	875.44	627.63	623.32	686.85
Degree of freedom	217	217	217	217
NNFI	.91	.90	.93	.91
CFI	.92	.92	.94	.92
RMSEA	.07	.06	.06	.07
R² in substance use	36%	28%	18%	47%
R² in violent behaviors (%)	36	18	32	45

EA, European American; AA, African American; APIA, Asian Pacific Islander American; NNFI, nonnormed fit index; CFI, comparative fit indices; RMSEA, root mean squared error approximation.

p<.05.