Table 7.
Effect of job stress on number of cigarettes smoked by recent smokers, conditional on smoking
| (1) OLS |
(2) FE |
(3) OLS |
(4) FE |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High stress | 1.233** (0.509) |
0.679 (0.462) |
0.568 (0.487) |
0.318 (0.408) |
| Age | 0.352 (0.842) |
−0.780 (0.839) |
0.870 (0.880) |
0.633 (0.983) |
| Age squared | −0.00562 (0.00712) |
0.00930 (0.00624) |
−0.00996 (0.00743) |
0.00172 (0.00732) |
| Black | −8.054*** (0.382) |
- - |
−7.792*** (0.405) |
- - |
| Other race | −7.318*** (0.908) |
- - |
−8.975*** (0.789) |
- - |
| Male | 5.674*** (0.442) |
- - |
4.966*** (0.452) |
- - |
| Married | −0.284 (1.144) |
2.570 (2.734) |
0.0560 (1.087) |
0.839 (2.303) |
| Partnered | 0.264 (1.439) |
1.656 (3.023) |
2.510* (1.438) |
2.379 (2.802) |
| No spouse | −0.208 (1.150) |
2.011 (2.483) |
0.460 (1.099) |
1.900 (2.138) |
| Household income | 0.00395 (0.0347) |
0.00687 (0.0313) |
0.00914 (0.0603) |
−0.0315 (0.0457) |
| Years of education | −0.108 (0.0887) |
- - |
−0.0588 (0.0929) |
- - |
| Managerial | 0.979 (0.754) |
−0.972 (1.283) |
0.607 (0.848) |
−1.978 (1.927) |
| Administrative | 1.303* (0.717) |
−0.891 (1.474) |
1.439* (0.766) |
−0.988 (1.911) |
| Sales | 3.045*** (0.808) |
−0.231 (1.316) |
1.522* (0.856) |
−0.0707 (1.642) |
| Mechanical | 2.576*** (0.860) |
−0.859 (1.440) |
2.550*** (0.945) |
−1.407 (2.022) |
| Service | 1.947** (0.763) |
−0.0735 (1.274) |
1.668** (0.771) |
0.703 (1.625) |
| Operator | 2.476*** (0.787) |
−1.454 (1.334) |
2.012** (0.804) |
−2.803 (1.715) |
| Farm | −1.636 (1.183) |
−0.603 (1.535) |
−0.565 (1.343) |
−2.228 (1.771) |
| Year 1994 | 0.497 (0.535) |
−0.774 (0.798) |
−0.171 (0.988) |
−2.441** (1.166) |
| Year 1996 | −0.506 (0.591) |
−2.886* (1.590) |
−1.178 (1.040) |
−5.824*** (2.001) |
| Year 1998 | −0.907 (0.671) |
−4.681** (2.324) |
−1.352 (1.056) |
−8.450*** (2.799) |
| Year 2000 | −1.016 (0.739) |
−5.434* (3.092) |
−1.581 (1.049) |
−9.822*** (3.703) |
| Year 2002 | −2.541*** (0.895) |
−8.568** (3.966) |
−3.080*** (0.947) |
−13.14*** (4.701) |
| Year 2004 | −2.283** (0.968) |
−9.318** (4.698) |
−2.562** (1.104) |
−15.14*** (5.610) |
| Fair/poor health | 0.407 (0.563) |
−0.794 (0.534) |
||
| Number of health conditions | 0.187 (0.184) |
−0.576* (0.336) |
||
| Job tenure | −0.0246 (0.0175) |
0.0326 (0.0328) |
||
| Pressure to retire | −0.0774 (0.364) |
0.307 (0.276) |
||
| Preference for younger workers | −0.441 (0.329) |
−0.370 (0.305) |
||
| Planning – next year | −1.168 (1.252) |
0.108 (0.932) |
||
| Planning – next few years | 0.218 (0.922) |
0.687 (0.710) |
||
| Planning – next 5 to 10 years | −0.727 (0.942) |
0.167 (0.764) |
||
| Planning – longer than 10 years | −1.445 (1.393) |
−1.595 (1.253) |
||
| Planning missing | −0.171 (1.192) |
0.782 (0.855) |
||
| Constant | 16.84 (24.76) |
34.55 (30.78) |
2.148 (25.87) |
−18.81 (36.06) |
| Observations | 4,931 | 4,931 | 3,733 | 3,733 |
| Number of persons | 1,349 | 1,349 | 1,167 | 1,167 |
| R-squared | 0.139 | 0.053 | 0.154 | 0.068 |
Robust standard errors in parentheses;
***
p<0.01,
**
p<0.05,
*
p<0