Table 5. Estimated effects of each other predictor when added singly to the primary model from Table 4.

		Odds	95% confidence interval
Predictor	Value	Ratio	Lower	Upper	P-value
Sex	Male	1.21	0.94	1.57	0.14
Race/ethnicitya	African American	0.79	0.62	1.01	0.055
(vs Caucasian)	Hispanic	1.26	0.91	1.75	0.17
	Other	1.23	0.85	1.79	0.27
HIV-infectedb	Yes	1.17	0.64	2.1	0.61
HIV-infected, by treatment erab	to 1995	0.68	0.17	2.7	0.58
(vs uninfected)	1996 on	2.1	0.97	4.4	0.059
HIV-infected, by treatment erab	to 1995	0.37	0.00	568	0.79
(vs uninfected)	1996–1999	3.0	0.57	16.1	0.19
	2000 on	1.49	0.34	6.6	0.60
Reported HCV risk factor	Transfusion	0.99	0.72	1.37	0.96
(vs injection drug use)	Needlestick	0.88	0.61	1.28	0.50
	Other/None	1.21	0.96	1.53	0.11
Smoking	Yes	1.07	0.83	1.40	0.59
Alcohol consumptionb,c	Moderate	0.99	0.52	1.88	0.99
(vs none)	Heavy	1.16	0.72	1.89	0.54
Injection drug useb	Yes	0.92	0.69	1.23	0.58
Body Mass Index	per 5 Kg/m2	1.05	0.97	1.14	0.24
Body Mass Index	25–30	1.09	0.88	1.36	0.42
(vs <25)	>30	1.19	0.95	1.50	0.14

^aThis is an alternative finer breakdown instead of an addition to the primary model.

^bThese are time-varying covariates, with potentially differing values at each time step.

^cThis model was fitted on HALS participants only, because other studies lacked complete histories.

Abbreviations: HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HALS: Hepatitis C and Alcohol Study [16].