Table 1.
Prediction of maximal alcohol consumption from ages 12 to 25 years from environmental risk factors, specific and non-specific genetic risk factors and their interaction
| Age range (years) | Environmental risk | Main effects (with 95% CIs) |
Interactions (with 95% CIs) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental risk | GR-AUD | GR-ExtD | GR-AUD | GR-ExtD | ||
| 12–14 | None | – | +0.08**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.10**** (0.06–0.13) | – | – |
| Alcohol availability | +0.11**** (0.08–0.14) | +0.08**** (0.04–0.11) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.11) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.11) | |
| Low church attendance | +0.06*** (0.03–0.09) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.09**** (0.06–0.12) | +0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | +0.03 (−0.00 to 0.06) | |
| Peer group deviance | +0.22**** (0.19–0.25) | +0.07**** (0.04–0.10) | +0.04* (0.01–0.07) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.11) | +0.09**** (0.06–0.11) | |
| Low prosocial behaviors | +0.07**** (0.04–0.10) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.09**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.03* (0.00–0.06) | +0.07**** (0.04–0.10) | |
| Low parental bonding | +0.09**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.11) | +0.08**** (0.05–0.12) | +0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | +0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | |
| Low parental monitoring | +0.14**** (0.11–0.17) | +0.07**** (0.04–0.11) | +0.06*** (0.03–0.10) | +0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | +0.05*** (0.02–0.08) | |
| 15–17 | None | – | +0.17**** (0.10–0.24) | +0.21**** (0.14–0.28) | – | – |
| Alcohol availability | +0.32**** (0.26–0.39) | +0.15**** (0.08–0.22) | +0.19**** (0.12–0.26) | +0.07* (0.00–0.13) | +0.11** (0.04–0.17) | |
| Low church attendance | +0.24**** (0.17–0.31) | +0.16**** (0.09–0.23) | +0.17**** (0.10–0.24) | −0.04 (−0.10 to 0.02) | +0.04 (−0.03 to 0.10) | |
| Peer group deviance | +0.57**** (0.51–0.63) | +0.13** (0.04–0.17) | +0.09*** (0.03–0.16) | +0.06* (0.00–0.11) | +0.06* (0.01–0.12) | |
| Low prosocial behaviors | +0.19*** (0.12–0.25) | +0.16**** (0.09–0.23) | +0.18**** (0.10–0.25) | +0.04 (−0.02 to 0.10) | +0.08** (0.02–0.14) | |
| Low parental bonding | +0.20**** (0.13–0.26) | +0.15**** (0.08–0.22) | +0.18**** (0.11–0.25) | +0.04 (−0.02 to 0.10) | −0.01 (−0.08 to 0.05) | |
| Low parental monitoring | +0.41**** (0.35–0.48) | +0.15**** (0.09–0.22) | +0.13*** (0.06–0.20) | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | −0.00 (−0.06 to 0.05) | |
| 18–21 | None | – | +0.18**** (0.10–0.27) | +0.20**** (0.11–0.28) | – | – |
| Alcohol availability | +0.32**** (0.25–0.39) | +0.18**** (0.10–0.26) | +0.22**** (0.13–0.30) | −0.02 (−0.11 to 0.07) | +0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | |
| Peer group deviance | +0.71**** (0.63–0.78) | +0.15**** (0.08–0.23) | +0.06 (−0.02 to 0.14) | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02) | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.02) | |
| 22–25 | None | – | +0.19**** (0.10–0.27) | +0.18**** (0.09–0.27) | – | – |
| Peer group deviance | +0.82**** (0.74–0.89) | +0.14*** (0.07–0.22) | +0.01 (−0.07 to 0.09) | +0.01 (−0.06 to 0.07) | −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01) | |
CI, Confidence interval; GR-AUD, genetic risk for alcohol use disorders; GR-ExtD, genetic risk for externalizing disorders.
The first three columns of the results in this table depict the main effects of the specific environmental risk factor examined and our two genetic risk factors: GR-AUD and GR-ExtD. These main effects are calculated without the presence of interactions. In the last two columns, we depict the interactions between the specific environmental risk factors and GR-AUD and GR-ExtD. These interactions, along with all the main effects, were run separately.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001,
p<0.0001.