Table 1.
Characteristics of participating patients with advanced COPD (n = 145)
| Characteristics | n (%), unless otherwise stated |
|---|---|
| Male | 73 (50.3) |
| Age, years | |
| Mean, (SD; range) | 71.63 (9.7; 32–93) |
| ≤60 | 23 (15.9) |
| 61–70 | 32 (22.1) |
| 71–80 | 67 (46.2) |
| ≥81 | 23 (15.9) |
| Marital status | |
| Married/living with partner | 54 (37.2) |
| Divorced/separated | 20 (13.8) |
| Widowed | 48 (33.1) |
| Single | 23 (15.9) |
| Number in the household | |
| 1 | 68 (46.9) |
| 2 | 60 (41.4) |
| ≥3 | 16 (11) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 134 (92.4) |
| All black groups | 8 (5.6) |
| Indian | 2 (1.4) |
| Other | 1 (0.7) |
| Employment activity | |
| Retired | 116 (80) |
| Unable to work (due to illness) | 17 (11.7) |
| In paid work | 4 (2.8) |
| Full-time working at home (looking after dependants) | 8 (5.5) |
| Ever in paid employment or self-employed | 135 (93.1) |
| Last job | |
| Manager | 13 (9) |
| Foreman/supervisor | 11 (7.6) |
| Employee | 97 (66.9) |
| Self-employed | 16 (11) |
| Not applicable | 7 (4.8) |
| Education | |
| Education after 16 years | 14 (9.7) |
| University degree or equivalent | 9 (6.2) |
| Smoking | |
| Ever smoked | 140 (97) |
| Smoker at time of interview | 50 (34.5) |
| Living arrangements | |
| Own home | 30 (20.7) |
| Rented home | 105 (72.4) |
| Home of relative | 2 (1.4) |
| Other | 6 (4.1) |
| Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) | |
| Mean (SD; range)a | 36.7(9.7–59) |
| Mean IMD for Lambeth and Southwark (SD; range) | 34.1(7.1–59) |
| Cared for now due to illness/disability or old age | |
| Yes, by person in the household | 65 (44.8) |
| Yes, by person not in the household | 43 (29.7) |
| Lung function | |
| Mean percentage of predicted FEV1 | 29.1 |
| (SD; range; 95% CI) | (9.5; 9–78b; 13 to 45) |
| Mean FEV1/FVC | 0.4 |
| (SD; Range; 95% CI) | (0.11; 0.15–0.76c; 0.22 to 0.58) |
FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in first second. FVC = forced vital capacity. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. SD = standard deviation.
a
National mean IMD in 2007 was 21.6; the higher the IMD the greater the deprivation.
b
Subject with % expected of 78% was aged 93 years, with FEV1 of 0.7 l, FEV1/height2 = 0.33.
c
Five subjects with FEV1/FVC >0.7 had FEV1 less than 0.87 l (4 <0.53 l), and none could sustain forced expiration due to frailty.