Figure 1.

SS-31 reduced AKI 24 hours after IR injury. Rats were subcutaneously treated with saline or SS-31 (0.5, 2, or 5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before bilateral occlusion of renal blood flow for 30 or 45 minutes. Treatment was repeated just before onset of reperfusion and at 2 hours after reperfusion. Significant differences were found in all biomarkers among the treatment groups (ANOVA, P < 0.0001). Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 6 to 14 in each group. #P < 0.05 and ###P < 0.001 compared with Sham-operated control. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with corresponding saline group.