Figure 10.

SS-31 accelerates proximal tubular cell regeneration at 24 hours after IR injury. Rats were subcutaneously treated with saline or SS-31 (2 mg/kg) 30 minutes before occlusion of renal blood flow for 45 minutes. Treatment was repeated just before onset of reperfusion and 2 hours later. Representative kidney sections showing immunostaining of PCNA from (A) Sham, (B) saline-treated IR, and (C) SS-31-treated IR animals. Sections were developed using alkaline phosphatase staining, and PCNA⁺ cells are shown as red nuclei (arrows). PCNA⁺ cells were very few in the Sham animals and slightly increased 24 hours after IR injury in the saline treatment group, but they were significantly increased in the SS-31 treatment group (D). n = 4 in each group. **P < 0.01 between groups.