Figure 3.

SS-31 reduced tubular apoptosis after 30-minute ischemia. Rats were subcutaneously treated with saline or SS-31 (2 mg/kg) 30 minutes before bilateral occlusion of renal blood flow for 30 minutes. Treatment was repeated just before onset of reperfusion and at 2 hours after reperfusion. Apoptotic cells were determined after 24-hour reperfusion by TUNEL stain (brown nuclei). Representative sections from the outer medulla are shown for (A) Sham, (B) saline-treated IR, and (C) SS-31-treated IR rats (magnification: ×200). Inset shows higher magnification of the area indicated by the arrow. (D) Total number of TUNEL-positive cells per high-power field. ***P < 0.001.