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. 2011 Mar 14;2011:497827. doi: 10.1155/2011/497827

Table 2.

Bivariate associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing, and alcohol education and problem drinking and drunkenness.

Current alcohol use Problem drinking Drunkenness
Demographic characteristics % OR (95% CI) % OR (95% CI) % OR (95% CI)
Sex
 Boys 38.9 0.76 (0.59–0.98) 40.8 0. 73 (0.52–1.02) 38.2 0.70 (0.55–0.89)
 Girls 45.5 1.00 48.8 1.00 46.8 1.00
Age
 ≤13 49.9 1.51 (0.86–2.65) 48.3 1.45 (0.93–2.27) 44.3 1.12 (0.72–1.73)
 14 41.7 1.08 (0.75–1.58) 53.1 1.76 (1.21–2.57) 45.2 1.16 (0.91–1.47)
 15 37.8 0.92 (0.63–1.35) 42.4 1.15 (0.87–1.52) 38.7 0.89 (0.67–1.17)
 ≥16 39.7 1.00 39.1 1.00 41.6 1.00
Alcohol marketing
 Actors 44.2 1.13 (0.85–1.51) 47.2 1.13 (0.90–1.43) 44.8 1.16 (0.89–1.52)
 Billboards 34.5 0.65 (0.46–0.92) 43.9 1.00 (0.76–1.31) 36.3 0.74 (0.56–0.98)
 Provided free alcohol 65.3 4.37 (3.21–5.95) 58.9 2.51 (1.93–3.27) 58.7 3.02 (2.34–3.90)
Alcohol education
 Danger of alcohol 35.2 0.68 (0.44–1.07) 37.7 0.65 (0.50–0.83) 34.9 0.64 (0.46–0.89)
 Refuse alcohol 39.7 0.89 (0.65–1.22) 44.1 0.98 (0.77–1.25) 39.3 0.82 (0.63–1.07)