Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing and alcohol education and problem drinking.
| Four models predicting problem drinking | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Boys | 0.75 (0.52–1.09) | 0.76 (0.54–1.08) | 0.77 (0.55–1.09) | 0.78 (0.55–1.10) |
| Girls | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age ≤ 13 | 1.20 (0.77–1.88) | 1.20 (0.75–1.92) | 1.22 (0.76–1.96) | 1.23 (0.78–1.97) |
| Age 14 | 1.99 (1.31–3.03) | 1.88 (1.23–2.88) | 1.92 (1.26–2.93) | 1.93 (1.26–2.97) |
| Age 15 | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) | 1.15 (0.78–1.68) | 1.14 (0.77–1.67) | 1.14 (0.78–1.67) |
| Age ≥ 16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Alcohol use past 30 days | 12.35 (8.67–17.59) | 5.16 (3.42–7.80) | 4.87 (3.26–7.29) | 4.90 (3.26–7.37) |
| Bullying victimization | — | 2.10 (1.50–2.92) | 2.04 (1.46–2.86) | 2.02 (1.43–2.84) |
| Sadness | — | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) | 1.12 (0.92–1.35) |
| No friends | — | 0.73 (0.47–1.15) | 0.71 (0.46–1.11) | 0.71 (0.46–1.11) |
| Missed school | — | 2.26 (1.67–3.07) | 2.20 (1.63–2.97) | 2.19 (1.62–2.96) |
| No parental monitoring | — | 1.06 (0.80–1.42) | 1.05 (0.77–1.42) | 1.04 (0.76–1.41) |
| Drug use | — | 2.61 (1.89–3.60) | 2.51 (1.82–3.47) | 2.50 (1.80–3.45) |
| Alcohol marketing | ||||
| Actors | — | — | 1.26 (0.91–1.75) | 1.27 (0.92–1.75) |
| Billboards | — | — | 1.18 (0.84–1.65) | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) |
| Provided free alcohol | — | — | 1.43 (1.07–1.90) | 1.41 (1.06–1.87) |
| Alcohol education | ||||
| Danger of alcohol | — | — | — | 0.83 (0.63–1.10) |
| Refuse alcohol | — | — | — | 1.11 (0.83–1.49) |
Each model included all listed variables. Reference categories for each variable are not shown but were those not exposed to or who did not report bullying victimization, sadness, having no friends, missed school, no parental monitoring, drug use, alcohol marketing or alcohol education.