Table 1.
CVD Event (N=490) |
No CVD event (2478) |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age group (yrs),% | <.001 | ||
64–69 | 5 | 9 | |
70–74 | 29 | 36 | |
75–79 | 31 | 28 | |
80+ | 34 | 26 | |
Caucasian,%* | 92 | 89 | .059 |
Education,%* | .002 | ||
Less than high school | 7 | 5 | |
High School | 21 | 15 | |
Some college or beyond | 73 | 80 | |
Smoking status,% | .064 | ||
Current smoker | 2 | 2 | |
Former smoker | 63 | 58 | |
Never smoked | 35 | 40 | |
Alcohol use,% | .569 | ||
<1 drink/wk | 49 | 47 | |
1–13 drinks/wk | 47 | 48 | |
14+ drinks/wk | 5 | 6 | |
Self-reported good or excellent health status,% | 80 | 88 | <.001 |
Living alone,%† | 15 | 13 | .311 |
Caffeine use, mg/day, median (IQR)‡ | 172 (36–356) | 180 (36–368) | .927 |
IADL impairments,% | <.001 | ||
None | 71 | 81 | |
1–2 | 20 | 16 | |
3+ | 9 | 3 | |
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.6 ± 4.1 | 27.1 ± 3.8 | .014 |
Waist-to-hip ratio, mean ± SD | 0.974 ± 0.061 | 0.967 ± 0.063 | .013 |
3MS Score, 0–100, median (IQR)‡ | 94 (89–97) | 94 (91–97) | .002 |
Depressed (GDS665 ≥ 6),% | 8 | 6 | .145 |
Use of antidepressants,% | 11 | 7 | .002 |
Use of benzodiazepines,% | 6 | 4 | .182 |
Use of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic/hypnotics,% | 2 | 2 | .928 |
Walks regularly for exercise,% | 45 | 47 | .311 |
Diabetic,% | 20 | 12 | <.001 |
Systolic Blood Pressure mmHg, mean ± SD | 129 ± 18 | 126 ± 16 | <.001 |
Use of Hypotensive agents,% | 7 | 4 | .008 |
Total Cholesterol, mg/dl, mean ± SD* | 189 ± 34 | 195 ± 34 | <.001 |
HDL, mg/dl, median (IQR)*‡ | 45 (37–53) | 47 (40–57) | <.001 |
COPD/emphysema,% | 22 | 16 | .056 |
Parkinsons disease,% | 11 | 17 | .380 |
Apnea Hypopnea Index, median (IQR)‡ | 7.0 (3.5–12.9) | 6.3 (2.9–12.7) | .118 |
History of CVD,% | 58 | 33 | <.001 |
History of TIA or Stroke,% | 18 | 9 | <.001 |
History of PVD,% | 17 | 8 | <.001 |
Acrophase, mean ± SD | 14:43 ± 1:27 | 14:42 ± 1:06 | .660 |
Amplitude, mean ± SD | 1.48 ± 0.67 | 1.56 ± 0.55 | .004 |
Mesor, mean ± SD | 2.65 ± 0.25 | 2.61 ± 0.26 | .001 |
F-value, median (IQR)‡ | 1338 (872–1950) | 1564 (1028–2162) | <.001 |
Alpha, mean ± SD | −0.43 ± 0.24 | −0.45 ± 0.20 | .066 |
Beta, median (IQR)‡ | 13.6 (7.7–27.9) | 13.8 (7.8–27.0) | .808 |
Minimum, mean ± SD | 1.91 ± 0.51 | 1.82 ± 0.50 | <.001 |
SD = Standard Deviation; IQR = Interquartile range; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; BMI = Body Mass Index; 3MS = Teng-Modified Mini-Mental Examination Score; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; CVD = Cardiovascular Disease; TIA = Transient Ischemic Attack; PVD = Peripheral Vascular Disease.
Measurements obtained at baseline study visit an average of 3.2 yrs earlier.
Measurement obtained at interim study visit an average of 1.4 yrs earlier.
Kruskall-wallis test used to calculate p-value.