Table 3.
Rest/activity rhythms (RARs) and risk of incident CVD, coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease events
| Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range of values |
CVD*† | Coronary Heart Disease† |
Stroke† | Peripheral Vascular Disease‡ |
|
| Acrophase | |||||
| Q 1 | ≤14.06 h | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 1.27 (0.78–2.06) | 1.32 (0.80–2.17) |
| Q 2–3 | 14.07–15.33 h | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Q 4 | ≥15.34 h | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 0.66 (0.36–1.19) | 1.65 (1.04–2.63) |
| P-value§ | .308 | .849 | .126 | .107 | |
| Amplitude¶ | |||||
| Q 1 | ≤1.18 | 1.24 (0.95–1.63) | 1.30 (0.95–1.78) | 0.85 (0.45–1.59) | 1.52 (0.82–2.80) |
| Q 2 | 1.19–1.48 | 1.31 (1.01–1.71) | 1.36 (1.00–1.86) | 1.21 (0.68–2.16) | 1.45 (0.79–2.64) |
| Q 3 | 1.49–1.83 | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) | 1.30 (0.69–2.47) |
| Q 4 | ≥1.84 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| p-trend | .036 | .040 | .934 | .180 | |
| Mesor# | |||||
| Q 1 | ≤2.45 | 0.76 (0.58–0.98) | 0.68 (0.50–0.92) | 0.98 (0.55–1.75) | 0.94 (0.51–1.72) |
| Q 2 | 2.46–2.63 | 0.86 (0.67–1.09) | 0.78 (0.59–1.03) | 0.85 (0.46–1.54) | 1.15 (0.65–2.03) |
| Q 3 | 2.64–2.79 | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | 0.66 (0.50–0.89) | 0.73 (0.40–1.34) | 1.41 (0.84–2.38) |
| Q 4 | ≥2.80 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| p-trend | .061 | .024 | .958 | .722 | |
| F-value | |||||
| Q 1 | ≤994 | 1.15 (0.88–1.50) | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 0.87 (0.45–1.67) | 2.88 (1.41–5.87) |
| Q 2 | 995–1524 | 1.23 (0.95–1.61) | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 1.14 (0.62–2.09) | 2.71 (1.34–5.48) |
| Q 3 | 1525–2135 | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 0.81 (0.59–1.13) | 0.97 (0.52–1.83) | 2.04 (0.98–4.22) |
| Q 4 | ≥2136 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| p-trend | .094 | .580 | .804 | .009 | |
| Alpha | |||||
| Q 1 | <−0.55 | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 0.93 (0.72–1.22) | 0.79 (0.45–1.38) | 1.44 (0.89–2.32) |
| Q 2–3 | −0.55–0.37 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Q 4 | >−0.37 | 1.17 (0.95–1.45) | 1.09 (0.85–1.40) | 1.11 (0.68–1.82) | 1.32 (0.82–2.13) |
| p-value§ | .329 | .576 | .539 | .273 | |
| Beta | |||||
| Q 1 | <7.77 | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 1.06 (0.78–1.43) | 1.78 (1.01–3.14) | 1.14 (0.65–2.01) |
| Q 2 | 0.77–13.77 | 1.07 (0.83–1.38) | 1.18 (0.88–1.58) | 0.85 (0.44–1.66) | 1.25 (0.71–2.18) |
| Q 3 | 13.78–27.04 | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) | 1.05 (0.78–1.41) | 1.09 (0.59–2.03) | 0.96 (0.54–1.73) |
| Q 4 | >27.04 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| p-trend | .503 | .549 | .083 | .478 | |
| Minimum | |||||
| Q 1 | ≤1.55 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Q 2 | 1.56–1.88 | 1.17 (0.89–1.53) | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 1.21 (0.66–2.22) | 1.16 (0.62–2.18) |
| Q 3 | 1.89–2.17 | 1.24 (0.94–1.62) | 1.30 (0.94–1.78) | 1.04 (0.56–1.95) | 1.45 (0.80–2.61) |
| Q 4 | ≥2.18 | 1.33 (1.01–1.73) | 1.39 (1.02–1.91) | 0.98 (0.51–1.86) | 1.33 (0.72–2.43) |
| p-trend | .040 | .027 | .809 | .292 | |
CI = confidence interval.
N = 2962 in multivariable-adjusted models.
CVD is a composite of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Peripheral Vascular Disease Events.
Model adjusted for age groups, clinic site, race/ethnicity, IADL impairments, smoking status, cognitive impairment, use of antidepressants, walking for exercise, and history of CVD, PVD, and stroke.
Model adjusted for age groups, clinic site, race/ethnicity, IADL impairments, smoking status, cognitive impairment, use of antidepressants, walking for exercise, and history of PVD.
p-value presented is from a 4 df test.
Amplitude = Maximum modeled activity value – minimum modeled activity value in units of counts/min
Mesor = minimum + amplitude/2 in units of counts/min