Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of 22 Patients (24 Eyes) with Microsporidia Keratoconjunctivitis
| No. | Age/Gender/Race | Risk Factors (Duration Prior to Presentation) | Symptoms (Duration) | Presenting BCVA | Signs | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20/ Male/ Indian | Foreign matter entering eye (7 days prior) | Redness, foreign body sensation (5 days) | 6/6 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q2H, G hexamidine q2H, PO albendazole 400mg od |
| 2 | 17/ Male/ Eurasian | Mud entering eye (5 days prior) | Redness, discharge, blurring (5 days) | 6/6 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q1H, G hexamidine q3H, PO albendazole 400mg od |
| 3 | 30/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (5 days prior), contact lens wear | Redness, discharge (7 days) | 6/7.5 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q2H, G hexamidine q2H |
| 4 | 21/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (5 days prior) | Redness, discharge, blurring, photophobia (5 days) | 6/18 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G ciprofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine q3H |
| 5 | 39/ Male/ Caucasian | Mud entering eye (8 days prior), contact lens wear | Redness, discharge, foreign body sensation (5 days) | 6/9 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine q3H, PO albendazole 400mg od |
| 6 | 76/ Male/ Chinese | Nil | Redness, discharge, foreign body sensation (5 days) | 6/24 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine q3H, PO albendazole 400mg od |
| 7 | 17/ Female/ Indian | Mud entering eye (14 days prior) | Redness, discharge, blurring of vision (6 days) | 6/6 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q2H, G hexamindine q2H |
| 8 | 41/ Male/ Chinese | Nil | Redness, discomfort (5 days) | 6/6 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds, PO albendazole 200mg od, G fluormetholone tds |
| 9 | 15/ Male/ Malay | Mud entering eye (14 days prior) | Redness, tearing (14 days) | 6/12 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds |
| 10 | 29/ Male/ Chinese | Contact lens wear | Foreign body sensation (7 days) | 6/9 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds, G fluormetholone tds |
| 11 | 46/ Male/ Chinese | Nil | Redness (10 days) | 6/7.5 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine q3H, G prednisolone acetate 0.12% qds |
| 12 | 48/ Male/ Malay | Mud entering eye (7 days prior) | Redness, swelling (14 days) | 6/9 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G ciprofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine tds, |
| 13 | 16/ Female/ Malay | Mud entering eye (4 days prior) | Redness, swelling, discharge (4 days) | 6/18 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G cefazolin (50mg/ml) qds, G dexamethasone 1% qds, G gentamicin (14mg/ml) q3H, G levofloxacin qds, G hexamidine qds |
| 14 | 23/ Male/ Malay | Nil | Redness, discharge, pain (2 days) | 6/6 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G optodexine q3H, G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds |
| 15 | 19/ Male/ Malay | Contact lens wear | Redness, discomfort (5 days) | 6/6 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds, PO albendazole 200mg om, G Prednisolone acetate 0.12% bd |
| 16 | 25/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (7 days prior) | Redness, discharge (7 days) | 6/18 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine q3H, G prednisolone acetate 0.12% qds |
| 17 | 29/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (7 days prior), contact lens wear | Redness, discomfort (4 days) | 6/9 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine q3H, G prednisolone acetate 1% qds, PO albendazole 200mg od |
| 18 | 19/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (4 days) | Redness (4 days) | 6/6 OU | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis (bilateral) | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds, G prednisolone acetate 1% q3H |
| 19 | 32/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (7 days) | Redness, discharge, blurring of vision (7 days) | 6/12 OD 6/6 OS | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis (bilateral) | G levofloxacin qds, G hexamidine qds, G prednisolone acetate 0.12% bd |
| 20 | 37/ Male/ Indian | Mud entering eye (7 days) | Redness, swelling (7 days) | 6/9 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis | G levofloxacin qds, G hexamidine qds, G prednisolone acetate 0.12% qds |
| 21 | 16/ Male/ Chinese | Mud entering eye (7 days) | Redness, discharge, blurring of vision (2 days) | 6/18 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin q3H, G hexamidine qds |
| 22 | 51/ Indian/ Male | Mud entering eye (7 days) | Redness, discomfort (7 days) | 6/15 | Diffuse coarse punctate epithelial keratitis, diffuse conjunctivitis | G levofloxacin qds, G hexamidine qds |
G – guttae; PO – by mouth; od – once daily, in the morning; bd – twice daily; tds – three times daily; qds – four times daily; q1H – every one hour; q2H – every 2 hours; q3H – every 3 hours etc.; OD – right eye; OS – left eye; Defaulted – did not attend subsequent scheduled appointment for review; BCVA – best corrected visual acuity.