RB/E2F1 interaction regulates autophagy and apoptosis. A, green fluorescence punctation in EGFP-LC3–expressing Saos-2 cells. The cells were first infected with AdCMV-RB (100 pfu/cell). After 24 h, the cells were infected with AdCMV-E2F1 (50 pfu/cell) for another 48 h. Top, representative images of the cells with the indicated treatments. Bar, 20 μm. Bottom, quantification of the cells with EGFP-LC3 punctation (columns, mean; bars, SD). *, P = 0.03. B, immunoblot analysis of LC3, E2F1, and RB in Saos-2 cells. The cells were first infected with AdCMV-RB (100 pfu/cell). After 24 h, the cells were infected with AdCMV-E2F1 (50 pfu/cell). Proteins from the cell lysates were collected for analysis after 48 h. C, cells were treated as described in B and were stained with Annexin V and analyzed by flow cytometry. AdCMV-β-gal was used as a control for viral infection and nonspecific protein expression. Columns, mean from at least three independent experiments; bars, SD. *, P = 0.007; #, P = 0.001.