Table 1.
Means (s.d.) of study variables in childhood and adulthood by race and sex
| Male | Female | Sex Difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 497) | Black (n = 300) | White (n = 594) | Black (n = 406) | White | Black | |
| Childhood first | ||||||
| Age (year) | 9.1 (2.9) | 9.1 (2.9) | 8.9 (2.9) | 8.7 (2.8) | 0.264 | 0.069 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 99.1 (9.5) | 98.3 (10.1) | 97.5 (9.6) | 96.7 (9.8) | 0.013 | 0.155 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 60.6 (8.2) | 61.4 (7.8) | 60.1 (8.2) | 60.4 (8.1) | 0.608 | 0.290 |
| Childhood last | ||||||
| Age (year) | 17.9 (2.2) | 18.1 (2.0) | 17.9 (2.5) | 17.9 (2.0) | 0.830 | 0.154 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 113.6 (10.0) | 115.9 (11.1)** | 108.5 (9.3) | 110.6 (9.2)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 69.8 (8.1) | 69.5 (8.5) | 69.3 (8.1) | 70.2 (8.4) | 0.243 | 0.165 |
| Childhood BP variability (mm Hg) | ||||||
| s.d. of SBP | 8.3 (3.6) | 9.7 (3.9)** | 7.4 (3.0) | 8.2 (3.5)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| s.d. of DBP | 6.9 (2.8) | 6.7 (2.7) | 7.1 (2.8) | 7.2 (3.0) | 0.230 | 0.076 |
| Adulthood | (n = 462)a | (n = 273)a | (n = 564)a | (n = 361)a | ||
| Age (year) | 32.4 (7.4) | 28.9 (7.3)** | 31.8 (7.4) | 30.2 (7.2)* | 0.130 | 0.024 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (5.5) | 26.8 (6.3) | 26.4 (6.9) | 29.1 (8.3)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 115.6 (10.3) | 118.7 (13.8) | 108.3 (10.3)** | 112.9 (13.7)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76.8 (8.5) | 76.5 (10.9) | 72.0 (7.9)** | 74.1 (10.3)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Individuals (n = 137) taking antihypertensive medications were excluded. Racial difference within sex groups:
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.01.