Table 1. Characteristics of the sample population by district.
| States | Locality | Sample | Participants | Proportion of households (%) | |||||||||
| Number of clusters | Houses Surveyed | Number of participants | Proportion male (%) | Number of people per HH Mean (SD) | Improved water source | Time to collect water ≤30 minutes | Wash Faces ≥2 times per day | Own pit latrine | Own Livestock | Own radio | Own Television | ||
| Northern | Dalgo | 15 | 300 | 1,120 | 38.4 | 5.0 (2.2) | 97.7 | 90.3 | 70.3 | 38.0 | 82.3 | 72.0 | 47.3 |
| Dongola | 6 | 182 | 893 | 36.4 | 5.7 (2.5) | 0.0 | 98.9 | 53.3 | 92.3 | 58.2 | 76.9 | 73.6 | |
| El Dabbah | 15 | 300 | 1,207 | 42.5 | 6.2 (2.7) | 91.3 | 93.0 | 64.0 | 72.3 | 82.0 | 68.7 | 53.3 | |
| Halfa | 15 | 300 | 1,089 | 38.0 | 5.0 (2.3) | 91.7 | 88.7 | 60.9 | 61.0 | 71.3 | 59.3 | 64.0 | |
| Merawi | 15 | 300 | 1,229 | 40.5 | 5.7 (2.6) | 92.3 | 93.7 | 63.0 | 93.3 | 79.9 | 73.8 | 79.0 | |
| River Nile | Abu Hamad | 15 | 300 | 1,213 | 47.7 | 4.7 (2.0) | 22.0 | 76.0 | 72.7 | 71.3 | 89.0 | 71.0 | 59.7 |
| Atbra | 15 | 300 | 1,276 | 42.9 | 5.3 (2.2) | 97.7 | 100.0 | 61.3 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 61.3 | 86.3 | |
| Barber | 15 | 300 | 1,153 | 40.4 | 4.4 (1.9) | 100.0 | 99.7 | 62.7 | 98.3 | 53.7 | 59.3 | 69.3 | |
| Eldamar | 15 | 300 | 1,448 | 46.3 | 5.2 (2.3) | 94.0 | 93.3 | 55.7 | 85.7 | 76.3 | 67.7 | 48.3 | |
| Elmatama | 15 | 300 | 1,160 | 43.8 | 4.8 (1.9) | 93.0 | 88.3 | 65.0 | 87.3 | 76.7 | 55.3 | 49.7 | |
| Shendi | 15 | 300 | 1,280 | 40.2 | 5.4 (2.0) | 94.0 | 94.0 | 74.7 | 92.3 | 62.0 | 30.7 | 69.0 | |
| Red Sea | Ageeg | 15 | 300 | 963 | 40.4 | 4.2 (1.8) | 68.3 | 83.0 | 83.7 | 15.3 | 92.7 | 15.3 | 0.3 |
| Gabeet El Ma'adin | 15 | 300 | 1,036 | 43.3 | 4.3 (2.0) | 0.0 | 6.7 | 66.2 | 1.3 | 97.7 | 16.3 | 13.0 | |
| Halayeb | 15 | 300 | 885 | 48.1 | 3.2 (1.7) | 0.0 | 83.3 | 53.7 | 6.3 | 88.0 | 5.0 | 6.7 | |
| Haya | 15 | 300 | 1,042 | 42.1 | 4.2 (1.8) | 20.7 | 36.7 | 40.1 | 4.7 | 91.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
| Port Sudan | 15 | 300 | 1,038 | 41.3 | 4.5 (1.8) | 20.3 | 45.0 | 59.0 | 67.3 | 20.7 | 44.7 | 51.3 | |
| Dordeeb | 15 | 300 | 931 | 35.9 | 4.2 (1.9) | 41.7 | 37.0 | 36.7 | 34.7 | 63.7 | 14.7 | 24.0 | |
| Elginab | 15 | 300 | 968 | 42.3 | 3.9 (2.0) | 32.3 | 52.0 | 58.0 | 19.7 | 85.0 | 11.0 | 9.7 | |
| Sawaken | 15 | 300 | 1,078 | 39.7 | 4.9 (2.2) | 1.3 | 67.0 | 73.3 | 35.3 | 72.7 | 10.3 | 16.3 | |
| Sinkat | 15 | 300 | 979 | 39.4 | 4.0 (1.6) | 18.3 | 64.7 | 66.3 | 23.0 | 69.3 | 14.4 | 16.7 | |
| Tokar | 15 | 300 | 1,006 | 39.0 | 3.6 (1.8) | 46.7 | 21.7 | 64.3 | 28.0 | 80.3 | 17.7 | 7.7 | |
| Kassala | Hamashkorieb | 15 | 300 | 790 | 35.7 | 3.7 (1.5) | 20.0 | 52.3 | 46.0 | 12.0 | 70.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Kassala rural | 6 | 178 | 980 | 40.7 | 6.5 (3.2) | 0.0 | 65.0 | 59.6 | 50.0 | 75.4 | 42.1 | 10.7 | |
| Kassala urban | 6 | 181 | 900 | 43.1 | 7.2 (2.8) | 0.0 | 83.4 | 77.2 | 88.4 | 39.4 | 65.7 | 65.2 | |
| Refi Halfa Eljadidah | 15 | 300 | 1,241 | 39.4 | 5.1 (2.2) | 63.0 | 65.0 | 39.0 | 77.7 | 77.0 | 71.7 | 63.7 | |
| Refi Nahr Attbara | 15 | 300 | 1,270 | 46.9 | 4.4 (1.7) | 13.7 | 13.3 | 76.3 | 19.7 | 93.0 | 28.0 | 9.0 | |
| Rifi Aroma | 15 | 300 | 1,046 | 36.2 | 4.8 (2.5) | 30.3 | 23.3 | 63.2 | 22.7 | 69.3 | 22.3 | 8.3 | |
| Rifi Elgirba | 15 | 300 | 1,191 | 40.8 | 4.9 (2.0) | 60.0 | 92.7 | 74.7 | 51.5 | 67.9 | 51.7 | 35.3 | |
| Shemal Eldalta | 15 | 300 | 835 | 38.4 | 3.7 (2.0) | 29.0 | 57.3 | 67.7 | 56.0 | 36.7 | 14.7 | 7.0 | |
| Talkok | 15 | 300 | 1,203 | 52.3 | 4.0 (1.5) | 23.0 | 12.3 | 29.0 | 11.3 | 86.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
| Wad El Hilio | 15 | 300 | 1,046 | 42.6 | 4.2 (1.8) | 21.0 | 57.7 | 53.3 | 28.7 | 73.0 | 24.0 | 6.3 | |
| Gedaref | Albutana | 15 | 300 | 1,369 | 45.7 | 4.9 (2.0) | 0.3 | 54.0 | 81.3 | 6.3 | 94.0 | 41.0 | 0.0 |
| El Fashga | 15 | 300 | 1,281 | 43.2 | 5.3 (2.7) | 28.0 | 91.0 | 68.7 | 37.7 | 77.3 | 63.7 | 9.3 | |
| El Faw | 15 | 300 | 1,361 | 45.0 | 5.6 (2.2) | 49.7 | 40.0 | 76.3 | 27.0 | 75.3 | 57.3 | 18.7 | |
| El Galabat East | 15 | 300 | 1,420 | 46.0 | 5.3 (2.4) | 16.0 | 43.0 | 76.3 | 22.0 | 58.0 | 55.3 | 4.0 | |
| El Galabat West | 15 | 300 | 1,405 | 43.2 | 5.5 (2.3) | 16.3 | 96.0 | 66.3 | 28.0 | 71.5 | 72.3 | 20.7 | |
| El Rahd | 15 | 300 | 1,431 | 44.6 | 5.0 (2.2) | 61.9 | 83.3 | 66.2 | 76.7 | 64.0 | 61.3 | 20.0 | |
| Gadaref Center | 15 | 300 | 1,263 | 41.0 | 5.5 (2.6) | 16.7 | 82.7 | 45.7 | 21.3 | 68.3 | 63.3 | 22.3 | |
| Gal Alnahal | 15 | 300 | 1,335 | 41.6 | 5.6 (2.6) | 56.7 | 52.3 | 72.7 | 8.3 | 73.0 | 68.3 | 9.3 | |
| Gadaref | 15 | 300 | 1,449 | 41.5 | 5.4 (2.4) | 55.3 | 71.6 | 74.3 | 76.0 | 27.7 | 63.3 | 64.3 | |
| Gorisha | 15 | 300 | 1,373 | 39.5 | 5.0 (2.4) | 6.7 | 91.3 | 78.3 | 24.0 | 66.7 | 47.3 | 2.7 | |
| Khartoum | Jabal Awliya | 6 | 108 | 719 | 43.9 | 8.3 (3.1) | 59.3 | 84.5 | 75.7 | 69.4 | 34.3 | 74.1 | 55.6 |
| Sharg En Nile | 6 | 180 | 1,116 | 42.1 | 8.2 (3.4) | 2.8 | 73.9 | 86.7 | 87.2 | 19.4 | 64.4 | 61.1 | |
| Gezira | El Hasaheisa | 15 | 300 | 1,365 | 40.5 | 6.0 (2.7) | 80.7 | 77.0 | 71.7 | 60.0 | 69.0 | 70.3 | 55.0 |
| El Kamlin | 15 | 300 | 1,371 | 40.5 | 6.4 (2.9) | 79.9 | 84.3 | 79.2 | 64.9 | 56.2 | 71.0 | 59.3 | |
| El Managil | 15 | 300 | 1,590 | 41.1 | 6.5 (2.9) | 38.0 | 64.3 | 72.8 | 34.6 | 82.3 | 73.7 | 24.6 | |
| Jnaub El Gezira | 15 | 299 | 1,470 | 41.3 | 6.4 (2.9) | 71.6 | 78.9 | 72.9 | 40.1 | 67.9 | 72.5 | 65.2 | |
| Madani Elkubra | 15 | 300 | 1,414 | 39.0 | 6.3 (2.9) | 83.0 | 81.3 | 67.9 | 60.5 | 43.4 | 72.6 | 74.8 | |
| Sharg El Gezira | 15 | 298 | 1,668 | 41.5 | 7.1 (3.2) | 71.5 | 86.9 | 79.5 | 73.8 | 66.1 | 75.8 | 68.5 | |
| Umm El Gura | 15 | 298 | 1,600 | 44.1 | 7.2 (3.1) | 0.7 | 84.8 | 75.8 | 44.0 | 70.5 | 64.6 | 47.5 | |
| White Nile | Algetina | 15 | 300 | 1,438 | 39.7 | 5.8 (2.5) | 58.7 | 93.3 | 61.3 | 29.0 | 81.3 | 62.0 | 25.1 |
| Alsalm | 15 | 299 | 1,073 | 43.3 | 4.8 (2.0) | 0.0 | 60.2 | 34.4 | 11.0 | 86.6 | 46.5 | 0.3 | |
| Ed Douiem | 15 | 299 | 1,398 | 37.3 | 5.3 (2.2) | 30.4 | 91.0 | 64.5 | 32.8 | 58.2 | 74.2 | 41.8 | |
| El Jabalian | 15 | 299 | 1,285 | 45.2 | 6.4 (2.7) | 14.0 | 66.9 | 78.9 | 29.1 | 89.3 | 67.9 | 18.4 | |
| Kosti | 15 | 300 | 1,325 | 43.7 | 5.2 (2.1) | 18.0 | 45.3 | 56.3 | 21.0 | 78.3 | 65.3 | 16.3 | |
| Omramta | 15 | 300 | 1,258 | 37.1 | 6.5 (2.8) | 0.0 | 88.3 | 81.7 | 30.3 | 92.7 | 69.7 | 14.8 | |
| Rabak | 15 | 299 | 1,534 | 40.9 | 5.9 (2.8) | 59.2 | 81.3 | 63.5 | 67.6 | 43.5 | 34.8 | 53.7 | |
| Tendelti | 15 | 300 | 1,277 | 41.3 | 5.3 (2.3) | 0.0 | 57.0 | 75.7 | 11.7 | 84.3 | 61.7 | 3.3 | |
| Sinnar | Abuhojar | 15 | 300 | 1,415 | 44.5 | 5.4 (2.3) | 52.3 | 88.3 | 70.0 | 58.3 | 74.0 | 51.0 | 26.3 |
| Eldali & Elmazmoom | 15 | 300 | 1,249 | 46.3 | 4.5 (2.0) | 25.3 | 44.3 | 60.7 | 57.0 | 76.0 | 63.7 | 13.7 | |
| Eldindir | 15 | 300 | 1,247 | 41.3 | 4.8 (2.2) | 69.0 | 95.0 | 70.7 | 21.0 | 75.0 | 59.7 | 9.7 | |
| Elsoki | 15 | 300 | 1,356 | 41.4 | 5.2 (2.0) | 73.0 | 82.3 | 39.5 | 66.7 | 65.7 | 45.3 | 34.1 | |
| Sennar | 15 | 300 | 1,216 | 41.1 | 5.6 (2.4) | 50.3 | 88.0 | 65.7 | 34.0 | 55.0 | 66.0 | 29.3 | |
| Sharg Sinnar | 15 | 299 | 1,323 | 43.3 | 5.4 (2.4) | 90.0 | 80.3 | 72.2 | 39.8 | 85.3 | 51.2 | 17.1 | |
| Singa | 15 | 300 | 1,299 | 41.0 | 5.3 (2.2) | 62.0 | 81.3 | 68.3 | 70.3 | 48.8 | 66.3 | 60.0 | |
| Blue Nile | Baw | 10 | 276 | 1,435 | 43.1 | 7.1 (3.4) | 56.5 | 43.1 | 73.6 | 15.2 | 86.2 | 42.4 | 2.2 |
| Ed Damazin | 10 | 250 | 1,008 | 44.8 | 5.7 (3.3) | 20.4 | 73.2 | 58.8 | 56.8 | 44.8 | 62.0 | 34.4 | |
| El Roseires | 10 | 279 | 1,419 | 46.2 | 6.4 (3.7) | 14.0 | 66.7 | 68.0 | 68.8 | 74.2 | 57.7 | 9.1 | |
| Geissan | 15 | 300 | 1,311 | 46.3 | 5.6 (2.6) | 29.0 | 58.3 | 61.7 | 35.0 | 73.6 | 59.3 | 10.2 | |
| Kurmuk | 15 | 300 | 1,220 | 42.7 | 4.6 (2.1) | 70.3 | 66.3 | 64.0 | 25.7 | 67.0 | 40.7 | 0.7 | |
| North Kordofan | Abo Zaid | 15 | 300 | 1,263 | 40.2 | 5.1 (2.4) | 77.3 | 80.0 | 62.0 | 76.3 | 93.3 | 68.0 | 14.0 |
| Bara | 15 | 300 | 1,183 | 41.5 | 4.3 (1.9) | 34.7 | 63.3 | 64.0 | 42.1 | 88.3 | 30.7 | 8.7 | |
| Elnihood | 15 | 300 | 1,212 | 40.5 | 4.6 (2.1) | 14.0 | 33.0 | 74.8 | 88.3 | 69.3 | 57.0 | 20.3 | |
| Ghebeish | 15 | 300 | 1,266 | 44.5 | 4.7 (2.1) | 13.7 | 78.0 | 46.3 | 81.3 | 77.3 | 70.0 | 12.0 | |
| Jabrat Elshiekh | 15 | 300 | 1,260 | 50.2 | 4.3 (1.9) | 52.3 | 46.0 | 56.3 | 14.3 | 91.7 | 17.7 | 3.0 | |
| Om Roaba | 15 | 300 | 1,068 | 40.0 | 4.1 (1.9) | 10.0 | 58.3 | 52.0 | 33.3 | 70.7 | 53.3 | 11.3 | |
| Shikan | 15 | 300 | 991 | 40.0 | 4.3 (1.9) | 61.0 | 89.3 | 68.0 | 79.0 | 31.3 | 73.7 | 53.0 | |
| Sowdari | 15 | 300 | 993 | 33.3 | 4.0 (1.9) | 26.0 | 53.3 | 81.3 | 46.0 | 83.0 | 29.0 | 5.7 | |
| Wad Banda | 15 | 300 | 1,124 | 37.6 | 4.6 (1.6) | 46.7 | 59.7 | 65.7 | 86.3 | 80.7 | 42.0 | 9.3 | |
| South Kordofan | Abu Jubaiyeh | 15 | 300 | 1,302 | 40.3 | 4.8 (2.3) | 51.3 | 50.0 | 72.3 | 14.3 | 62.7 | 26.3 | 2.0 |
| Abyei | 15 | 300 | 1,132 | 39.8 | 4.5 (1.8) | 7.0 | 70.3 | 24.7 | 69.7 | 60.7 | 36.3 | 16.0 | |
| El Salam | 15 | 300 | 1,226 | 40.5 | 5.3 (2.2) | 2.0 | 88.7 | 81.3 | 86.0 | 53.0 | 48.7 | 20.3 | |
| Eldalang | 15 | 300 | 1,463 | 48.7 | 5.4 (2.7) | 92.3 | 64.9 | 61.2 | 13.8 | 68.2 | 43.1 | 4.3 | |
| Kadugli | 15 | 300 | 1,038 | 39.5 | 4.0 (1.7) | 71.3 | 97.3 | 60.7 | 42.7 | 48.0 | 20.0 | 8.3 | |
| Kaylak | 15 | 300 | 1,177 | 44.4 | 4.0 (1.9) | 2.3 | 66.3 | 63.3 | 10.0 | 89.7 | 5.0 | 0.3 | |
| Lagawa | 15 | 300 | 1,075 | 36.0 | 4.1 (1.8) | 72.3 | 76.3 | 53.7 | 40.3 | 77.7 | 56.0 | 8.0 | |
| Rashad | 15 | 300 | 1,134 | 39.7 | 4.4 (2.1) | 50.0 | 57.3 | 76.3 | 26.3 | 72.0 | 31.3 | 2.0 | |
| Talodi | 15 | 300 | 1,208 | 42.8 | 4.7 (2.1) | 79.3 | 75.7 | 54.7 | 11.7 | 75.3 | 43.3 | 2.0 | |
HH household; SD, standard deviation.