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. 2011 May 31;5(5):e1186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001186

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This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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Detection of Bartonella in 6-day old liquid medium cultures inoculated with blood of a mouse fed upon by B. birtlesii-infected I. ricinus nymphs by A. semi-nested PCR. Lines D0, D7, and D16 represent blood samples taken on days 0, 7, and 16 after tick placement respectively; T+ – B. birtlesii DNA; M – molecular mass marker. B. immunofluorescence assay. D-0, D-7, and D-16 represent blood samples taken on days 0, 7, and 16 after tick placement respectively.