Table 3.

Relative Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Maternal Egg Consumption and Cholesterol Intake, Omega Cohort Study, Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, 1996–2008

	Egg Consumption (Categories), eggs/week																							P for Trend
	0a (n = 267)			≤1 (n = 1,186)				2–3 (n = 650)				4–6 (n = 631)				7–9 (n = 318)				≥10 (n = 106)
	No.	%	RR	No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI
GDM cases	12	4.5		49	4.1			29	4.5			33	5.2			22	6.9			13	12.3
Energy-adjusted RR			1.00			0.92	0.49, 1.73			1.04	0.53, 2.05			1.26	0.65, 2.45			1.78	0.87, 3.65			3.27	1.47, 7.28	<0.001
Adjusted RRb			1.00			0.94	0.50, 1.77			1.00	0.51, 1.98			1.12	0.57, 2.19			1.55	0.75, 3.18			2.54	1.13, 5.70	0.007
Adjusted RRc			1.00			0.94	0.50, 1.77			1.01	0.51, 1.98			1.12	0.57, 2.20			1.54	0.75, 3.18			2.52	1.11, 5.72	0.008
								Egg Consumption (Dichotomized), eggs/week
								<7a (n = 2,734)				≥7 (n = 424)
								No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI
GDM cases								123	4.5			35	8.3
Energy-adjusted RR										1.00				2.04	1.38, 3.02
Adjusted RRb										1.00				1.78	1.21, 2.63
Adjusted RRc										1.00				1.77	1.19, 2.63
				Quartile of Dietary Cholesterol Intake, mg/day
				<151a (n = 792)				151–209 (n = 797)				210–293 (n = 787)				≥294 (n = 782)
				No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI	No.	%	RR	95% CI
GDM cases				38	4.8			26	3.3			35	4.5			59	7.5
Energy-adjusted RR						1.00				0.84	0.50, 1.40			1.33	0.80, 2.19			2.76	1.66, 4.60					<0.001
Adjusted RRb						1.00				0.83	0.49, 1.38			1.20	0.72, 2.00			2.30	1.34, 3.96					0.001
Adjusted RRc						1.00				0.83	0.49, 1.39			1.21	0.72, 2.03			2.35	1.35, 4.09					0.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; RR, relative risk.

^aReference category.

^bAdjusted for total energy intake, maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, and intakes of meat, fiber, and vitamin C.

^cAdditionally adjusted for saturated fat intake.