Table 5.

Odds Ratios for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus According to Maternal Egg Consumption and Total Cholesterol Intake, Alpha Case-Control Study, Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, 1998–2002

Dietary Factor	Gestational Diabetes Cases (n = 185)		Controls (n = 411)		Energy-Adjusted OR	95% CI	Adjusted ORa	95% CI	Adjusted ORb	95% CI
	No.	%	No.	%
Egg consumption (categories), eggs/week
0c	37	20.0	89	21.7	1.00		1.00		1.00
<1	31	16.8	103	25.1	0.76	0.43, 1.33	0.71	0.36, 1.38	0.70	0.36, 1.37
2–3	33	17.8	84	20.4	1.05	0.60, 1.86	0.91	0.46, 1.80	0.93	0.47, 1.85
4–6	40	21.6	83	20.2	1.31	0.76, 2.28	1.20	0.62, 2.35	1.18	0.60, 2.31
7–9	27	14.6	32	7.8	2.47	1.27, 4.80	2.59	1.16, 5.76	2.41	1.08, 5.40
≥10	17	9.2	20	4.9	2.62	1.20, 5.73	2.91	1.09, 7.72	2.76	1.03, 7.43
P for trend					<0.001		0.003		0.005
Egg consumption (dichotomized), eggs/week
<7c	141	76.2	359	87.3	1.00		1.00		1.00
≥7	44	23.8	52	12.7	2.46	1.54, 3.91	2.82	1.59, 5.00	2.65	1.48, 4.72
Cholesterol intake, mg/dayd
<151c	20	10.8	72	17.5	1.00		1.00		1.00
151–209	34	18.4	75	18.3	2.39	1.22, 4.67	1.50	0.68, 3.30	1.44	0.65, 3.17
210–293	44	23.8	122	29.7	2.53	1.28, 4.99	2.07	0.93, 4.58	1.95	0.88, 4.34
≥294	87	47.0	142	34.5	6.33	3.01, 13.31	3.43	1.35, 8.71	2.94	1.14, 7.60
P for trend					<0.001		0.007		0.021

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aAdjusted for total energy intake, maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, smoking during pregnancy, family history of diabetes, and intakes of meat, fiber, and vitamin C.

^bAdditionally adjusted for saturated fat intake.

^cReference category.

^dCholesterol intake categories were defined on the basis of quartiles from the Omega Study (9).