Table 2.

Associations of Risk Factors With All-Cause Mortality From a Cox Proportional Hazards Model Among 50,112 Participants in the Nurses’ Health Study, 1986–2004^a

	HRb	95% CI
Age (per 19 years)c	5.78	5.06, 6.61
Body mass index at age 18 years (per 7 kg/m2)d	1.23	1.15, 1.31
Weight change since age 18 years (per 23 kg)d	1.07	1.00, 1.15
Height (per 6 inches)e	1.16	1.08, 1.24
Smoking statusc
Never	1.0	Referent
Past	0.96	0.89, 1.04
Current	1.48	1.33, 1.64
Smoking amount/duration (per 46 pack-years)c	2.08	1.92, 2.25
Physical activity (per 33 MET-hours/week)c	0.87	0.81, 0.93
Alcohol intake, g/dayc
None	1.0	Referent
0.1–9.9	0.90	0.84, 0.96
10–29.9	0.91	0.83, 1.00
≥30	1.03	0.90, 1.17
Nut consumption, servings/weekc
None	1.0	Referent
≤1	0.92	0.87, 0.98
≥2	0.86	0.77, 0.95
Polyunsaturated fat (per 3% energy)f	0.85	0.79, 0.91
Glycemic load (per 41 units)f	1.22	1.12, 1.34
Dietary cholesterol (per 105 mg/1,000 kcal)f	1.17	1.08, 1.26
Cereal fiber (per 4 g, energy adjusted)f	0.84	0.78, 0.91
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hgc
<120	1.0	Referent
120–139	1.02	0.95, 1.09
140–149	1.22	1.12, 1.33
150–159	1.38	1.21, 1.58
≥160	1.49	1.25, 1.77
Use of blood pressure medicationsg	1.19	1.10, 1.28
Personal history of diabetesh	2.45	2.18, 2.76
Parental MI before age 60 yearsh	1.14	1.06, 1.22
Time since menopause (per 13 years)c	1.15	1.05, 1.25

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MET, metabolic equivalent; MI, myocardial infarction.

^aUnits for continuous variables correspond to the difference between the 90th and 10th percentile values.

^bAdjusted for all other risk factors in table.

^cFrom 1986 questionnaire.

^dFrom 1980 questionnaire.

^eFrom 1976 questionnaire; 1 inch = 2.54 cm.

^fAverage of values from 1980, 1984, and 1986 questionnaires.

^gFrom 1988 questionnaire.

^hFrom 1986 or previous questionnaires.