Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of Index Admissions
| Patient characteristics | Heart failure (n = 239,953) | Acute myocardial infarction (n = 193,421) | Pneumonia (n = 350,740) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 80.32 (SD 8.75) | 78.55 (SD 8.55) | 80.01 (SD 8.60) |
| Male | 105,745 (44%) | 96,938 (50%) | 156,630 (45%) |
| Race | |||
| White | 197,809 (82%) | 169,799 (88%) | 306,939 (87%) |
| Black | 30,706 (13%) | 15,132 (8%) | 26,986 (8%) |
| Hispanic | 5,177 (2%) | 3,174 (2%) | 6,822 (2%) |
| Other | 6,261 (3%) | 5,316 (3%) | 9,993 (3%) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| AMI | 12,565 (5.24%) | 26,171 (13.53%) | 26,986 (1.69%) |
| Alzheimer dementia | 50,575 (21.08%) | 32,174 (16.63%) | 98,146 (27.98%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 85,533 (35.65%) | 25,334 (13.10%) | 66,344 (18.92%) |
| Hip fracture | 3,198 (1.33%) | 1,804 (0.93%) | 5,373 (1.53%) |
| Ischemic heart | 192,079 (80.05%) | 178,276 (92.17%) | 200,389 (57.13%) |
| Osteoporosis | 27,788 (11.58%) | 20,361 (10.53%) | 57,649 (16.44%) |
| Stroke/TIA | 19,615 (8.17%) | 13,739 (7.10%) | 29,839 (8.51%) |
| Paralysis | 4,422 (1.84%) | 4,533 (2.34%) | 9,318 (2.66%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 18,785 (7.83%) | 17,088 (8.83%) | 17,941 (5.12%) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 104,176 (43.42%) | 53,929 (27.88%) | 188,887 (53.85%) |
| Diabetes w/o chronic complications | 118,658 (49.45%) | 79,680 (41.20%) | 131,583 (37.52%) |
| Diabetes w/chronic complications | 14,622 (6.09%) | 7,594 (3.93%) | 12,189 (3.48%) |
| Hypothyroidism | 28,824 (12.01%) | 17,667 (9.13%) | 43,480 (12.40%) |
| Renal failure | 118,202 (49.26%) | 58,120 (30.05%) | 105,053 (29.95%) |
| Liver disease | 2,254 (0.94%) | 887 (0.46%) | 2,857 (0.81%) |
| Metastatic cancer | 18,138 (7.56%) | 14,168 (7.32%) | 39,339 (11.22%) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 63,739 (26.56%) | 43,103 (22.28%) | 99,010 (28.23%) |
| Obesity | 12,512 (5.21%) | 8,495 (4.39%) | 10,039 (2.86%) |
| Weight loss | 6,217 (2.59%) | 4,631 (2.39%) | 19,941 (5.69%) |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 47,410 (19.76%) | 33,231 (17.18%) | 111,565 (31.81%) |
| Deficiency anemias | 42,772 (17.83%) | 21,093 (10.91%) | 63,135 (18.00%) |
| Depression | 43,560 (18.15%) | 27,334 (14.13%) | 80,923 (23.07%) |
| Hypertension | 127,543 (53.15%) | 114,149 (59.02%) | 197,855 (56.41 %) |
Note: These are the characteristics of patients with index admissions. AMI = acute myocardial infarction; TIA = transient ischemic attack.