Table 1.

Characteristics of Proposed Multiple Group Models.

		Middle Adolescence		Transition Early to Middle Adolescence	Transition Middle to Later Adolescence
Model	Gender as Moderator	Hopelessness Form for Change	Hopelessness Trajectories Within Class Variation	Prediction of Trajectory Parameters from Covariates	Prediction of Violence from Hopelessness Trajectory Class
1	Yes	Linear	Yes	Equal	Exploratory
2	Yes	Linear	Yes	Class Specific	Exploratory
3	Yes	Quadratic	Yes	Equal	Exploratory
4	Yes	Quadratic	Yes	Class Specific	Exploratory