Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics, by Physical Activity Level, of Men in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, 2000–2002
| Physical Activity Level |
||||||||||
| Characteristic | Low (n = 1,351) |
Moderate (n = 2,875) |
High (n = 1,456) |
P Valuea | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | ||
| Age, years | 74.6 (6.2) | 73.5 (5.6) | 71.9 (5.2) | <0.01 | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1,192 | 88.2 | 2,599 | 90.4 | 1,303 | 89.5 | 0.10 | |||
| Less than high school education | 102 | 7.5 | 182 | 6.3 | 70 | 4.8 | <0.01 | |||
| Married | 1,086 | 80.4 | 2,403 | 83.6 | 1,220 | 83.8 | 0.02 | |||
| Weight, kg | 83.4 (14.2) | 83.2 (12.9) | 83 (12.7) | 0.65 | ||||||
| Weight change since age 25 years, kg | 10.9 (12.1) | 10.5 (11) | 9.7 (10.7) | 0.01 | ||||||
| Height, cm | 174.0 (7.0) | 174.3 (6.9) | 174.4 (6.5) | 0.32 | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.5 (4.0) | 27.4 (3.7) | 27.3 (3.7) | 0.21 | ||||||
| Total hip BMD, g/cm2 | 0.95 (0.14) | 0.96 (0.14) | 0.97 (0.14) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2 | 0.78 (0.13) | 0.79 (0.13) | 0.80 (0.13) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Lumbar spine BMD, g/cm2 | 1.07 (0.20) | 1.07 (0.18) | 1.07 (0.18) | 0.82 | ||||||
| Dietary calcium, mg/day | 780 (391) | 795 (373) | 819 (405) | 0.03 | ||||||
| Smoking history | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 488 | 36.1 | 1,118 | 38.9 | 537 | 36.9 | ||||
| Past smoker | 799 | 59.1 | 1,678 | 58.4 | 866 | 59.5 | ||||
| Current smoker | 64 | 4.7 | 79 | 2.7 | 53 | 3.6 | ||||
| Excellent or good self-rated health | 1,089 | 80.6 | 2,548 | 88.6 | 1,366 | 93.8 | <0.01 | |||
| Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score | 67.2 (24.8) | 143.3 (23.8) | 236.7 (45.8) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Ever fractured a hip | 25 | 3.4 | 38 | 2.4 | 24 | 3.0 | 0.38 | |||
| Nontraumatic fracture after 50 years of age | 251 | 18.6 | 456 | 15.9 | 241 | 16.6 | 0.09 | |||
| ≥1 falls in past year | 295 | 21.8 | 554 | 19.3 | 296 | 20.3 | 0.15 | |||
| Teng Modified Mini-Mental State Exmination Score | 93.1 (6.2) | 93.6 (5.5) | 93.8 (5.1) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Medical history | ||||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 215 | 15.9 | 368 | 12.8 | 174 | 12.0 | <0.01 | |||
| Angina | 235 | 17.4 | 370 | 12.9 | 165 | 11.3 | <0.01 | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 83 | 6.1 | 136 | 4.7 | 51 | 3.5 | <0.01 | |||
| Stroke | 105 | 7.8 | 149 | 5.2 | 45 | 3.1 | <0.01 | |||
| Hypertension | 641 | 47.4 | 1,215 | 42.3 | 555 | 38.1 | <0.01 | |||
| Diabetes | 169 | 12.5 | 308 | 10.7 | 108 | 7.4 | <0.01 | |||
| High thyroid hormone levels | 19 | 1.4 | 40 | 1.4 | 30 | 2.1 | 0.21 | |||
| Low thyroid hormone levels | 100 | 7.4 | 204 | 7.1 | 80 | 5.5 | 0.08 | |||
| Parkinson's disease | 15 | 1.1 | 28 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.1 | <0.01 | |||
| Osteoarthritis | 281 | 20.8 | 552 | 19.2 | 239 | 16.4 | 0.01 | |||
| Osteoporosis | 56 | 4.1 | 85 | 3.0 | 35 | 2.4 | 0.02 | |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 180 | 13.3 | 280 | 9.7 | 117 | 8.0 | <0.01 | |||
| Cancer | 426 | 31.5 | 808 | 28.1 | 407 | 28.0 | 0.05 | |||
| Nonskin cancer | 278 | 20.6 | 494 | 17.2 | 248 | 17.0 | 0.02 | |||
| Usual walking speed, m/second | 1.16 (0.23) | 1.22 (0.21) | 1.26 (0.21) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Unable to complete narrow walk | 158 | 11.7 | 168 | 5.8 | 61 | 4.2 | <0.01 | |||
| Unable to complete 5 chair stands | 37 | 2.7 | 30 | 1.0 | 18 | 1.2 | <0.01 | |||
| Average grip strength, kg | 36.8 (8.0) | 39 (7.9) | 40.5 (8.0) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Total difficulty with 5 daily activities | 0.62 (1.27) | 0.31 (0.85) | 0.18 (0.62) | <0.01 | ||||||
Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; SD: standard deviation.
a
From χ2 tests for categorical variables and from analysis of variance for continuous variables.