Table 2.
Longitudinal change in MRI regional volumes (means and standard deviations)
| Prodromal groups -- proximity to onset |
F(p) for longitudinal change |
Post-Hoc Analyses (adjusted)* |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Far | Mid | Near | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | ||
| Caudate 2-year change (cc)** |
− 0.12 (0.40) |
− 0.32 (0.41) |
− 0.48 (0.49) |
− 0.36 (0.41) |
7.68 (<0.0001) |
7.78 (<0.0001) |
C < M = N F < M = N C < F (trend) |
| Putamen 2-year change (cc)** |
− 0.13 (0.56) |
− 0.25 (0.43) |
− 0.42 (0.43) |
− 0.40 (0.45) |
5.51 (0.001) |
6.94 (0.0002) |
C = F < M = N |
| Striatum 2-year change (cc)** |
− 0.20 (0.82) |
− 0.57 (0.70) |
− 0.91 (0.80) |
− 0.77 (0.75) |
9.87 (<0.0001) |
11.00 (<0.0001) |
C < F < M = N |
| Globus Pallidus 2-year change (cc)** |
0.05 (0.27) |
− 0.05 (0.29) |
− 0.03 (0.29) |
− 0.14 (0.24) |
4.79 (0.003) |
4.69 (0.003) |
C < F=N C = M F = M M < N |
| Thalamus 2-year change (cc)** |
− 0.14 (0.61) |
− 0.13 (0.53) |
− 0.36 (0.56) |
− 0.43 (0.56) |
4.83 (0.003) |
3.04 (0.03) |
C < M = N C = F < N F < M (trend) |
| Cortical gray 2-year change (cc)** |
− 3.04 (15.37) |
− 0.80 (12.88) |
− 0.44 (14.6) |
− 2.17 (12.8) |
0.50 (0.68) |
0.60 (0.61) |
NA |
| Cerebral white 2-year change (cc)** |
0.99 (13.51) |
− 5.15 (15.13) |
− 12.71 (18.12) |
− 17.42 (15.15) |
16.38 (<0.0001) |
15.91 (<0.0001) |
C < F < M = N |
| Total brain 2-year change (cc)** |
− 2.52 (17.39) |
− 6.62 (17.53) |
− 14.68 (20.76) |
− 21.37 (16.24) |
13.01 (<0.0001) |
12.26 (<0.0001) |
C < F < M < N |
| Ventricular CSF 2- year change (cc)** |
0.61 (1.73) |
1.02 (1.62) |
1.86 (2.02) |
2.92 (2.11) |
18.02 (<0.0001) |
14.90 (<0.0001) |
C < M < N F < M < N C < F (trend) |
| Surface CSF 2-year change (cc)** |
1.12 (3.22) |
0.68 (3.12) |
1.79 (3.19) |
2.85 (3.25) |
5.60 (0.001) |
4.92 (0.002) |
C < N C = F C = M F < M = N |
| Total CSF 2-year change (cc)** |
6.85 (16.33) |
6.63 (16.34) |
12.08 (18.37) |
18.12 (19.06) |
5.96 (0.0006) |
5.95 (0.0006) |
C < M < N C = F < N F < M (trend) |
*
Adjusted F and p values are based on analyses controlling for age, gender, and inter-scan interval as fixed effects and MRI scanner as a random effect.
**
Change measures reflect the average two-year change in volume (i.e., Time 2 volume - Time 1 volume, not controlling for minor group differences in inter-scan interval). Negative numbers reflect atrophy; positive numbers reflect volume increase over time.