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Model of stalk formation and mineralization process. Iron oxidation is coupled to O2 reduction (exact location of iron oxidation is not known). (1) Fe(III)-polysaccharide (EPS) is excreted from the cell as fibrils. (2) Over time, Fe(III) precipitates as Fe oxyhydroxides. (3) As stalks age, lepidocrocite nucleates on fibril surfaces.
