Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample overall. Mean ± standard deviation or n (%) is reported.
| Sample (n=266) | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62 ± 12 |
| Male | 171 (64) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White | 163 (63) |
| Black | 89 (33) |
| Other | 9 (3.4) |
| Education | |
| Less than high school | 26 (9.8) |
| High school | 95 (36) |
| At least some college | 145 (54) |
| Household Income | |
| Comfortable | 94 (35) |
| Enough to make ends meet | 128 (48) |
| Not enough to make ends meet | 44 (16) |
| Smoking | |
| Current | 29 (11) |
| Former | 148 (56) |
| Never | 89 (33) |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 7.99 |
| Waist circumference in centimeters | 107 ± 19 |
| Exercise | |
| None or <30 minutes/week | 103 (39) |
| 30 minutes to 3 hours/week | 115 (43) |
| >3 hours/week | 48 (18) |
| Average Alcohol Use | |
| Never | 139 (52) |
| Rarely (≤ once/week) | 90 (34) |
| 2–7 drinks per week | 28 (10) |
| Heavy (≥ 7 per week or ≥ 5/occasion) | 9 (3) |
| Perceived overall health | |
| • Excellent/Very Good | 30 (11) |
| • Good | 92 (35) |
| • Fair | 111 (42) |
| • Poor | 33 (12) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116 ± 18 |
| Years with heart failure | 6.2 years |
| Months with heart failure | 74 ± 72 mo |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 36 ±17 |
| Heart failure type | |
| • Systolic/mixed | 213 (80) |
| • Diastolic | 52 (20) |
| • Unspecified2 | 1 (0.4) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Categories | |
| • Low | 141 (53) |
| • Moderate | 95 (36) |
| • High | 30 (11) |
| NYHA functional class | |
| • Class I & II | 58 (22) |
| • Class III | 159 (60) |
| • Class IV | 49 (18) |
| Sleep Study | |
| • Prior polysomnography | 175 (66) |
| • Embletta testing during the study | 91 (34) |
| Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) | 143 (54) |
| • Treated with CPAP | 76 (27) |
| Number of prescription medications | 9.8 ± 4.0 |
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | 156 (59) |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) | 76 (29) |
| Diuretic | 214 (80) |
| Beta-Blocker | 245 (92) |
| Number of medications known to cause daytime somnolence | 1.56 ± .98 |
| Quality of the treatment regimen | .84 ± .21 |
| Depressive symptoms score (PHQ-2) | .79 ± 1.04 |
| Insomnia score | 4.43 ± 3.08 |
| Sleep Hygiene score | 2.09 ± 1.95 |
| MSPSS total support score | 72 ± 12 |
NYHA = New York Heart Association; PHQ-2 = Patient Health Questionnaire, 2 items CPAP = Continuous positive airway pressure, MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social support