Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline
| African Americans |
Latinos |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 48) | (n = 52) | ||
| Tanner stage | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 0.17 |
| Tanner stage, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| 2 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | – |
| 3 | 5 (10.4) | 4 (7.7) | – |
| 4 | 15 (31.3) | 6 (11.5) | – |
| 5 | 31 (64.6) | 37 (71.2) | – |
| Gender, n female (%) | 34 (70.8) | 27 (48.1) | 0.03 |
| Age (years) | 15.3 ± 1.2 | 15.5 ± 1.0 | 0.53 |
| Weight (kg) | 100.0 ± 26.1 | 92.6 ± 22.6 | 0.13 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36.0 ± 7.5 | 33.9 ± 6.9 | 0.15 |
| BMI Z-score | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 0.27 |
| BMI percentile | 97.8 ± 2.5 | 96.8 ± 3.9 | 0.11 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 55.6 ± 8.4 | 53.8 ± 9.1 | 0.33 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 35.7 ± 11.4 | 32.8 ± 11.5 | 0.23 |
| Subcutaneous adiposity (liters) | 15.2 ± 6.3 | 9.1 ± 4.0 | <0.01 |
| Visceral adiposity (liters) | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 0.07 |
| Hepatic fat fraction (%) | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 7.9 ± 1.5 | <0.01 |
| Insulin sensitivity (× 10−4 min−1/μU/ml) | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.01 |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.03 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 66.2 ± 4.8 | 46.0 ± 3.8 | <0.05 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 13.5 ±1.1 | <0.01 |
| MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 191.9 ± 11.6 | 293.5 ± 19.9 | <0.01 |
| HGF (pg/ml) | 996.7 ± 75.2 | 1,388.4 ± 122.1 | 0.02 |
| NGF (μg/ml) | 7.1 ± 1.0 | 19.0 ± 1.5 | <0.01 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 17.2 ± 1.3 | 18.9 ± 11.1 | 0.69 |
| PAI-1 (μg/ml) | 61.6 ± 4.7 | 122.2 ± 9.8 | <0.01 |
| Resistin (μg/ml) | 27.0 ± 2.2 | 45.2 ± 3.8 | <0.01 |
Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Boldface values represent significant difference by ethnicity (P < 0.05).
HGF, hepatocyte growth factor, IL-8, interleukin-8; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein; NGF, nerve growth factor; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.