Table 3.
Multivariate Logistic Regression Models Examining Associations between Survey Year (1995 v. 2005), Lifetime Victimization Status, and Lifetime PTSD Status Predictor Variables and Lifetime Substance Use Outcomes
| B | SE | W | OR | CI (95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette Use | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | −1.15 | 0.18 | 41.31*** | 0.32 | [0.22, 0.45] |
| Victimization status | 0.97 | 0.21 | 20.36*** | 2.63 | [1.73, 4.01] |
| Year × Victimization status | 0.25 | 0.14 | 3.32 | 1.28 | [0.98, 1.67] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | −1.12 | 0.23 | 24.53*** | 0.33 | [0.21, 0.51] |
| PTSD status | 0.82 | 0.32 | 6.61** | 2.28 | [1.22, 4.26] |
| Year × PTSD status | 0.27 | 0.20 | 1.79 | 1.31 | [0.88, 1.94] |
| Non-experimental Cigarette Use | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | −1.45 | 0.29 | 25.65*** | 0.23 | [0.13, 0.41] |
| Victimization status | 0.65 | 0.27 | 5.56 | 1.91 | [1.11, 3.26] |
| Year × Victimization status | 0.52 | 0.19 | 7.65** | 1.68 | [1.16, 2.42] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | −0.96 | 0.29 | 10.29*** | 0.38 | [0.21, 0.69] |
| PTSD status | 1.00 | 0.36 | 7.83** | 2.72 | [1.35, 5.49] |
| Year × PTSD status | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.64 | 1.21 | [0.76, 1.95] |
| Alcohol Use | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | −1.33 | 0.17 | 57.51*** | 0.26 | [0.19, 0.37] |
| Victimization status | 0.72 | 0.22 | 10.59** | 2.07 | [1.34, 3.21] |
| Year × Victimization status | 0.28 | 0.14 | 4.18 | 1.33 | [1.01, 1.74] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | −1.61 | 0.23 | 47.93*** | 0.20 | [0.13, 0.32] |
| PTSD status | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 1.18 | [0.61, 2.29] |
| Year × PTSD status | 0.58 | 0.21 | 7.71** | 1.79 | [1.18, 2.70] |
| Marijuana Use | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 1.02 | [0.66, 1.56] |
| Victimization status | 1.36 | 0.24 | 32.61*** | 3.89 | [2.43, 6.19] |
| Year × Victimization status | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 1.03 | [0.76, 1.38] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | −0.02 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.98 | [0.61, 1.60] |
| PTSD status | 1.11 | 0.33 | 11.81*** | 3.06 | [1.62, 5.81] |
| Year × PTSD status | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 1.03 | [0.68, 1.55] |
| Non-experimental Marijuana Use | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | −0.04 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.96 | [0.56, 1.62] |
| Victimization status | 1.46 | 0.28 | 27.55*** | 4.32 | [2.50, 7.46] |
| Year × Victimization status | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 1.07 | [0.76, 1.51] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 1.02 | [0.58, 1.79] |
| PTSD status | 1.26 | 0.37 | 11.91*** | 3.53 | [1.72, 7.22] |
| Year × PTSD status | −0.00 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.99 | [0.63, 1.58] |
| Hard Drug Usea | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | −0.10 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.90 | [0.51, 1.58] |
| Victimization status | 1.65 | 0.29 | 32.39*** | 5.20 | [2.95, 9.18] |
| Year × Victimization status | −0.00 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.99 | [0.69, 1.43] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | −0.47 | 0.29 | 2.58 | 0.63 | [0.35, 1.11] |
| PTSD status | 1.24 | 0.36 | 11.53*** | 3.45 | [1.69, 7.04] |
| Year × PTSD status | 0.27 | 0.23 | 1.36 | 1.31 | [0.83, 2.07] |
| Non-experimental Hard Drug Usea | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| Year | −0.69 | 0.44 | 2.39 | 0.50 | [0.21, 1.20] |
| Victimization status | 1.27 | 0.42 | 9.14** | 3.56 | [1.56, 8.12] |
| Year × Victimization status | 0.38 | 0.27 | 1.99 | 1.46 | [0.86, 2.48] |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Year | −0.26 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.77 | [0.35, 1.69] |
| PTSD status | 1.73 | 0.46 | 13.99*** | 5.64 | [2.28, 13.96] |
| Year × PTSD status | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.11 | 1.11 | [0.62, 1.99] |
Note. N = 7,329; W = Wald statistic; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; PTSD = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
a
Variable represents use of any of the following drugs: cocaine, heroin or methadone, LSD or other hallucinogens (i.e., peyote or psilocybin), or inhalants (i.e., glue nitrous oxide, amyl nitrate, paint, or gasoline).
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.