Table 1.

Risk Factors for Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Risk factors
Antimicrobial therapy in preceding 90 d
Extremes of age (<2 years old or >65 years old)
Alcohol use
Previous (<90 d) or current (>2 d) hospitalization
High frequency of antibiotic resistance in the hospital unit or community
Day care or long-term care
Home antibiotic therapy
Chronic dialysis within 30 d
Home wound care
Family member infected with multidrug-resistant pathogen
Immunosuppressive disease and/or therapy
Entotracheal intubation
High gastric pH
Co-existing cardiac pulmonary or renal insufficiency
Postoperative care (and age >70 years) after abdominal or thoracic surgery
Dependant functional status