Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for All Covariates: Total Sample and HBP Subgroups
| Covariate | Total sample (N = 3,046) | Baseline HBP (n = 1,718) | Later HBP (n = 654) | No HBP (n = 674) |
| Age,a,bM (SD) | 73.0 (6.7) | 72.8 (6.6) | 72.4 (6.2) | 74.1 (7.6) |
| Education (years), M (SD) | 4.9 (3.9) | 4.8 (3.8) | 4.9 (3.9) | 5.0 (4.1) |
| Sexc | ||||
| % Female | 57.6 | 61.4 | 56.0 | 49.7 |
| Comorbidities,a,dM (SD) | 0.9 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.8) |
| CES-D, M (SD) | 9.94 (9.59) | 10.27 (9.73) | 9.67 (9.47) | 9.29 (9.32) |
| English usage, M (SD) | 9.32 (8.76) | 9.12 (8.59) | 9.36 (8.93) | 9.78 (9.02) |
Notes: The comorbidities variable reflects the presence of zero to four self-reported health conditions at baseline: arthritis, diabetes, heart attack, and stroke. CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale; HBP = high blood pressure.
a
Significant Bonferroni comparison for Baseline HBP versus No HBP comparison (p < .001).
b
Significant Bonferroni comparison for Later HBP versus No HBP comparison (p < .001).
c
Significant chi-square value (p < .001).
d
Significant Bonferroni comparison for Baseline HBP versus Later HBP comparison (p < .001).