Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of pediatric thalamic high-grade gliomas
| Characteristic | Value | Event-free survival |
Overall survival |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-year EFS %±SD | Pa | 5-year OS %±SD | Pa | ||
| Tumor extension | NS | NS | |||
| Thalamus alone (including bithalamic lesions) | n =31 | 7.3±5 | 7.4±5.1 | ||
| Thalamus plus adjacent diencephalic/mesencephalic structures | n =38 | 5.4±3.7 | 6.9±5.9 | ||
| Thalamus plus cortical and/or cerebellar and/or pontine structures | n =30 | 10.3±5.7 | 15.9±7.7 | ||
| Extent of surgical resection | .0479 | .0272 | |||
| Tumor resection | n =50 | 10.4±4.6 | 13.6±5.9 | ||
| No tumor resection | n =49 | 4.2±2.9 | 9.2±4.6 | ||
| Grading | NS | .0462 | |||
| WHO III | n =67 | 8.8±3.7 | 14.6±5.6 | ||
| WHO IV | n =32 | 3.2±3.2 | 3.8±3.8 | ||
| Sex | NS | NS | |||
| Male | n =45 | 2.5±2.4 | 6±4 | ||
| Female | n =54 | 11.6±4.9 | 17.3±6.3 | ||
| Age at diagnosis | NS | NS | |||
| <11 years | n =47 | 6.8±3.8 | 6.8±3.8 | ||
| ≥11 years | n =52 | 6.5±3.9 | 6.5±3.9 | ||
| Initial/postsurgical tumor size | |||||
| Maximum tumor diameter | n =84 | ||||
| Range | 0.6–8.9 cm | ||||
| Mean | 4.3 cm | ||||
| <4.3 cm (mean) | n =42 | 8.1±4.5 | NS | 8.7±5.2 | NS |
| ≥4.3 cm (mean) | n =42 | 9.5±4.5 | 8.0±5.2 | ||
| Tumor volume | n =51 | ||||
| Range | 0.3–224.3 cm3 | ||||
| Mean | 36.3 cm3 | ||||
| <36.3 cm3 (mean) | n =25 | 12.2±7.7 | NS | 9.7±8.3 | NS |
| ≥36.3 cm3 (mean) | n =26 | 3.9±3.8 | 0 | ||
| Tumor volume at week 8 (after radiotherapy) | |||||
| Maximum tumor diameter | n =53 | ||||
| Range | 0.3–8.0 cm | ||||
| Mean | 4.0 cm | ||||
| <4.0 cm (mean) | n =25 | 6.3±5.6 | NS | 0 | NS |
| ≥4.0 cm (mean) | n =28 | 3.6±3.5 | 4.3±4.2 | ||
| Tumor volume | n =41 | ||||
| Range | 0–195.4 cm3 | ||||
| Mean | 22.1 cm3 | ||||
| <22.1 cm3 (mean) | n =20 | 14.2±8.5 | .0263 | 14.2±11.5 | NS |
| ≥22.1 cm3 (mean) | n =21 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Response at week 8 (after radiotherapy) | < .0001 | NS | |||
| CR | n =7 | 42.9±18.7 | 50.0±20.4 | ||
| PD | n =10 | 0 | 0 | ||
| PR | n =30 | 10.0±4.5 | 20.0±12.6 | ||
| SD | n =43 | 7.0±3.9 | 15.3±6.7 | ||
| Unknown | n =9 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pattern of relapsed/progressive disease | NS | NS | |||
| Only local relapse/progression | n =72 | 8.8±3.5 | 14.7±5.1 | ||
| With or without secondary metastases | n =27 | 3.7±3.6 | 0 | ||
| Cerebrospinal fluid/leptomeningeal metastases | n =18 | ||||
| Íntracerebral metastases | n =6 | ||||
| Cerebrospinal fluid/leptomeningeal and intracerebral metastases | n =3 | ||||
| Cox regression analysis | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Tumor extension | NS | NS | |||
| Tumor resection | .015 | .002 | |||
| Grading | .013 | .009 | |||
| Sex | NS | NS | |||
| Age | NS | NS | |||
| Response at week 8 | .001 | NS | |||
CR indicates complete response; EFS indicates event-free survival; NA indicates not applicable; NS indicates not significant; OS indicates overall survival; PD indicates progressive disease; PR indicates partial response; SD indicates stable disease.
aDetermined by log-rank test.