Table 3.

Factors associated with length of stay shorter than the median in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the full cohort and in select study years. (Worcester Heart Attack Study)

Characteristic	Total Cohort (N=4,184) Odds Ratio (95% CI)	1995/1997 (n=1,323) Odds Ratio (95% CI)	2003/2005 (n=1,448) Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age (yrs)
65–74	0.65 (0.53, 0.80)	0.70 (0.46, 1.06)	0.51 (0.36, 0.73)
75–84	0.59 (0.48, 0.73)	0.52 (0.33, 0.82)	0.37 (0.26, 0.53)
≥85	0.78 (0.60, 1.00)	0.46 (0.27, 0.80)	0.49 (0.32, 0.75)
Women	0.79 (0.68, 0.91)	0.73 (0.56, 0.94)	0.72 (0.56, 0.92)
Medical History
Angina pectoris	0.95 (0.80, 1.12)	1.19 (0.89, 1.59)	1.46 (1.08, 1.98)
Stroke	0.97 (0.77, 1.23)	1.15 (0.72, 1.85)	0.90 (0.60, 1.34)
Hypertension	0.94 (0.81, 1.10)	1.14 (0.88, 1.47)	1.49 (1.12, 1.99)
Diabetes mellitus	0.97 (0.83, 1.13)	0.97 (0.74, 1.26)	0.72 (0.55, 0.93)
Heart Failure	1.03 (0.86, 1.23)	1.02 (0.72, 1.45)	1.13 (0.82, 1.55)
AMI associated characteristics
Initial	0.99 (0.85, 1.15)	1.18 (0.89, 1.57)	0.84 (0.65, 1.10)
Q-wave	0.72 (0.61, 0.85)	0.84 (0.64, 1.12)	0.60 (0.43, 0.85)
Anterior	0.71 (0.60, 0.85)	0.96 (0.73, 1.27)	0.92 (0.63, 1.35)
Clinical complications
Heart failure	0.43 (0.67, 0.50)	0.42 (0.31, 0.55)	0.38 (0.30, 0.51)
Cardiogenic shock	0.29 (0.16, 0.53)	0.12 (0.03, 0.53)	0.52 (0.21, 1.30)
Recurrent angina	0.41 (0.35, 0.49)	0.41 (0.30, 0.54)	0.39 (0.28, 0.53)
Atrial fibrillation	0.75 (0.62, 0.91)	0.67 (0.43, 1.03)	0.71 (0.52, 1.00)
Stroke	0.31 (0.16, 0.62)	0.09 (0.01, 0.73)	0.41 (0.13, 1.26)
Do not resuscitate order	0.82 (0.67, 1.00)	1.16 (0.77, 1.73)	1.07 (0.76, 1.49)
Payer
Private payment	0.58 (0.34, 1.02)	1.11 (0.40, 3.04)	0.52 (0.20, 1.32)
Private insurance	0.84 (0.53, 1.34)	0.42 (0.16, 1.12)	0.71 (0.36, 1.38)
Medicaid	0.70 (0.45, 1.11)	0.94 (0.36, 2.46)	0.70 (0.35, 1.41)
Medicare	0.59 (0.45, 0.79)	0.86 (0.42, 1.77)	0.88 (0.60, 1.30)
HMO	0.96 (0.72, 1.27)	0.85 (0.42, 1.73)	0.90 (0.61, 1.31)
Other	0.98 (0.66, 1.43)	1.11 (0.46, 2.65)	0.88 (0.43, 1.77)
Therapies
Effective Cardiac Medications	1.68 (0.87, 3.23)	0.73 (0.28, 1.92)	999.99 (0.01, >999.99)
Any Intervention procedures	1.04 (0.89, 1.21)	0.45 (0.34, 0.61)	1.07 (0.78, 1.45)

Note. *Respective referent categories = age<65 years, male sex, absence of selected medical history variables, prior AMI, Non-Q-wave AMI, inferior or posterior AMI, absence of selected clinical complications, absence of a do not resuscitate order, Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, not receiving cardiac medications, and not undergoing cardiac procedures.

Effective cardiac medications: aspirin, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, lipid lowering agents, and thrombolytics