Table 3.

Association between androgen deprivation therapy and diabetes, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, sudden death, and stroke^*

	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
Treatment	Diabetes	Coronary heart disease	Myocardial infarction	Sudden cardiac death	Stroke
No androgen deprivation therapy	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
GnRH agonist	1.28 (1.19 to 1.38)	1.19 (1.10 to 1.28)	1.28 (1.08 to 1.52)	1.35 (1.18 to 1.54)	1.21 (1.05 to 1.40)
Orchiectomy	1.16 (0.87 to 1.54)	1.40 (1.04 to 1.87)	2.11 (1.27 to 3.50)	1.29 (0.76 to 2.18)	1.49 (0.92 to 2.43)
Combined androgen blockade	1.17 (0.96 to 1.42)	1.27 (1.05 to 1.53)	1.03 (0.62 to 1.71)	1.22 (0.85 to 1.76)	0.93 (0.61 to 1.42)
Oral antiandrogen	1.02 (0.72 to 1.45)	1.10 (0.80 to 1.53)	1.05 (0.47 to 2.35)	1.06 (0.57 to 1.99)	0.86 (0.43 to 1.73)

^*Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age; race or ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, or other or unknown); marital status (married, unmarried, or unknown); Census division; zip code–level measures of income and education (categorized in quartiles); tumor grade (well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, or unknown); comorbidity score; year of diagnosis; stage (regional or local); primary therapy (radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy); prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis (categorized in quintiles or unknown); cholesterol level at baseline (categorized in quintiles or unknown); baseline statin use; baseline finasteride use; prevalent coronary heart disease; prevalent diabetes; and development of new diabetes, coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke during follow-up, except that the diabetes, coronary heart disease, and sudden death models do not control for past occurrences of the same condition. The diabetes and coronary heart disease models excluded patients with prevalent diabetes and coronary heart disease, respectively. CI = confidence interval; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone.