Table I.
Characteristics of Individual Studies Included in the Meta-analysis
| Study | IBD (N) | Healthy sample | Healthy sample (N) | Chronic illness sample | Chronic illness sample (N) | Psychosocial domains assessed | Measures included |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burke, Meyer, Kocoshis, Orenstein, Chandra, Nord, et al. (1989) | 55 | None | – | Cystic Fibrosis | 52 | Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Internalizing Disorders | Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS; Parent & Youth Interview) |
| Burke, Meyer, Kocoshis, Orenstein, Chandra, et al. (1989) | 44 | None | – | Cystic Fibrosis | 46 | Anxiety Symptoms | Leyton Obsession Inventory (Youth Report) |
| Canning, Hanser, Shade, & Boyce (1992) | 11 | None | – | Cystic Fibrosis, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Cancer | 72 | Internalizing Disorders | Diagnostic Schedule Interview for Children-2 (DISC-2; Parent & Youth Interview) |
| Cunningham, Drotar, Palermo, McGowan, & Arendt (2007) | 49 | Healthy Comparison Group | 49 | None | – | Quality of Life (QOL) Self-esteem | Children’s Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF 50) General Health Perceptions Scale (Parent Report); CHQ Child Form 87 (CHQ-CF 87) General Health Perceptions Scale (Youth Report) CHQ-PF 50 Self-esteem Scale (Parent Report); CHQ-CF 87 Self-esteem Scale (Youth Report) |
| DeBoer, Grootenhuis, Derkx, & Last (2005) | 40 | Normative Data | 266 | None | – | QOL Social Functioning | TACQOL Total Score (Youth Report) TACQOL Social Functioning Subscale (Youth Report) |
| Engstrom (1992) | 20 | Healthy Comparison Group | 20 | Headache Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | 20 20 | Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Internalizing Disorders Anxiety Symptoms Depressive Symptoms Externalizing Symptoms Internalizing symptoms Self-esteem Social Functioning | Child Assessment Schedule (CAS; Youth Interview) Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) Total Anxiety (Youth Report) Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Youth Report) Children’s Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Total Externalizing Symptoms Raw Score (Parent Report) CBCL Total Internalizing Problems Raw Score (Parent Report) Jag Tycker Ar Self-esteem Total Score (Youth Report) CBCL Social Competence Total Raw Score (Parent Report) |
| Gold, Issenman, Roberts & Watt (1991) | 36 | Normative Data | 1148 for CDI 1765 for Piers Harris 1022 for CBCL | Recurrent Abdominal Pain, Functional Mega Colon | 26 | Depressive Symptoms Self-esteem Social Functioning | CDI (Youth Report) Piers Harris Self Concept Total Score (Youth Report) CBCL Social Competence Total T Score (Parent Report) |
| Hommel, Davis, & Baldassano (2008) | 36 | Normative Data | 1148 for CDI 717 for PedsQL | Normative Data | 662 for PedsQL | Depressive Symptoms QOL Social Functioning | CDI (Youth Report) PedsQL Total Score (Parent and Youth Reports) PedsQL Social Functioning Subscale Score (Parent & Youth Report) |
| Loonen, Derkx, Koopman, & Heymans (2002) | 83 | Normative Data | 266 | None | – | Social Functioning | TACQOL Social Functioning Subscale (Parent and Youth Report) |
| Mackner & Crandall (2006) | 50 | Healthy Comparison Group | 42 | None | – | Externalizing Symptoms Internalizing Symptoms Social Functioning | CBCL Total Externalizing Problems T Score CBCL Total Internalizing Problems T Score CBCL Social Competence Total T Score (Parent Report) |
| Mackner & Crandall (2005) | 50 | Healthy Comparison Group | 42 | None | – | Depressive Symptoms Self-esteem | CDI (Youth Report) Piers-Harris Self- Concept Total Score (Youth Report) |
| Otley, Smith, Nicholas, Munk, Avolio, & Sherman, et al. (2002) | 147 | Normative Data | 232 for CHQ = CF 87 1765 for Piers Harris | None | – | QOL Self-esteem | CHQ-CF 87 General Health Perceptions (Youth Report) Piers-Harris Self-Concept Total Score (Youth Report) |
| Perrin, Kuhlthau, Chughtai, Romm, Kirschner, Ferry, et al. (2008) | 220 | Normative Data | 717 | Normative Data | 662 | QOL | PedsQL Total Score (Parent and Youth Reports) |
| Raymer, Weininger, & Hamilton (1984) | 44 | Healthy Comparison Group | 30 | None | – | Depressive Symptoms Self-esteem Social Functioning | CDI (Youth Report) Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory Total Score (Youth Report) Personal Adjustment Inventory (Youth Report) |
| Shepanski, Hurd, Culton, Markowitz, Mamula, & Baldassano (2005) | 55 | Normative Data | 1554 | None | – | Anxiety Symptoms | State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) Trait Anxiety Score (Youth Report) |
| Szajnberg, Krall, Davis, Treem, & Hyams (1993) | 21 | Normative Data | 2368 for CBCL | None | – | Externalizing Symptoms Internalizing Symptoms | CBCL Total Externalizing Problems T Score CBCL Total Internalizing Problems T Score |
| Szigethy, Levy-Warren, Whitton, Bousvaros, Kimberlee, Leichtner, et al. (2004) | 102 | Normative Data | 1148 | None | – | Depressive Symptoms | CDI (Youth Report) |
| Tojek, Lumley, Corlis, Ondersma, & Tolia (2000) | 62 | Normative Data | 1148 | None | – | Depressive Symptoms | CDI (Youth Report) |
| Youssef, Murphy, Langseder, & Rosh (2006) | 42 | Healthy Comparison Group | 42 | Functional Abdominal Pain | 65 | QOL Social Functioning | PedsQL Total Score (Parent and Youth Reports) PedsQL Social Subscale Score (Parent and Youth Reports) |