Table 1.
Phytotoxins Known to Modulate PM H+-ATPase Activity.
| Toxin | Pathogen | PM H+-ATPase regulation | Mode | Toxin/ disease symptoms | References |
| Fusicoccin | Fusicoccum amygdale | Stimulation | Direct | Open stomata/ necrosis | Marre, 1979; Baunsgaard et al., 1998 |
| NIP1 | Rhynchosporium secalis | Stimulation | N/D | Open stomata/ necrosis | Wevelsiep et al., 1993; van't Slot et al., 2007 |
| Beticolin-1 | Cercospora beticola | Inhibition | Indirect | Necrosis | Simon-Plas et al., 1996 |
| Fumonisin B1 | Fusarium verticillioides | Inhibition | Indirect | Necrosis | Gutiérrez-Nájera et al., 2005 |
| Bacterial lipopeptides | Pseudomonas sp. | Inhibition | Indirect | Necrosis | Batoko et al., 1998 |
N/D, not determined.