Table 1.

Statistical Analyses Results for Physiological and Subjective Measures

Physiological measures	Session (S)	p value	Time (T)	p value	S × T	p value
Plasma nicotinea	1.5	ns	35.9	<.001	28.2	<.001
Heart rateb	2.3	ns	82.2	<.001	45.6	<.001
COHbc	82.8	<.001	95.8	<.001	83.1	<.001
Expired-air COd	84.4	<.001	119.4	<.001	89.4	<.001
Expired-air NOe	1.7	ns	0.8	ns	0.2	ns
PFT: FEV1f	3.3	ns	7.3	<.05	0.3	ns
PFT: FVCf	3.7	ns	10.3	<.01	0.0	ns
PFT: FEV1/FVC ratiof	0.9	ns	1.3	ns	0.1	ns
Subjective measuresg
QSU-Brief
Factor 1	0.8	ns	15.6	<.001	28.6	<.001
Factor 2	1.7	ns	9.6	<.001	16.2	<.001
Hughes–Hatsukami Withdrawal Scale
Urges to smoke a [cigarette/waterpipe]	2.4	ns	10.0	<.001	15.5	<.001
Irritability/frustration/anger	5.1	<.05	7.9	<.01	1.9	ns
Anxious	5.8	<.05	19.0	<.001	1.2	ns
Difficulty concentrating	0.9	ns	3.1	<.05	2.0	ns
Restlessness	3.0	ns	7.8	<.01	1.5	ns
Hunger	1.1	ns	11.0	<.001	1.8	ns
Impatient	8.6	<.01	11.7	<.001	2.7	ns
Craving a [cigarette/waterpipe]/Nicotine	3.0	ns	20.0	<.001	13.3	<.001
Drowsiness	4.2	<.05	2.1	ns	1.5	ns
Depression/feeling blue	5.4	<.05	2.3	ns	1.7	ns
Desire for sweets	0.0	ns	3.1	<.05	3.1	<.05
DEN
Nauseous	1.2	ns	0.7	ns	1.2	ns
Dizzy	1.2	ns	6.2	<.001	3.4	<.05
Lightheaded	8.7	<.01	15.5	<.001	7.0	<.001
Nervous	1.5	ns	0.2	ns	0.8	ns
Sweaty	0.9	ns	2.5	ns	1.6	ns
Headache	0.0	ns	0.8	ns	0.8	ns
Excessive salivation	3.1	ns	0.2	ns	0.9	ns
Heart pounding	0.2	ns	1.3	ns	2.4	ns
Confused	2.9	ns	0.2	ns	0.9	ns
Weak	2.9	ns	0.2	ns	0.5	ns
DET
Satisfy	11.4	<.01	248.2	<.001	5.2	<.01
Pleasant	18.0	<.001	255.0	<.001	4.3	<.01
Taste good	23.2	<.001	258.5	<.001	8.0	<.001
Taste bad	8.8	<.01	7.7	<.001	5.3	<.01
Dizzy	2.6	ns	19.5	<.001	1.5	ns
Calm	2.2	ns	85.5	<.001	1.5	ns
Confused	0.0	ns	4.8	<.01	1.4	ns
Concentrate	0.2	ns	37.0	<.001	0.8	ns
Awake	0.0	ns	55.3	<.001	0.6	ns
Reduce hunger	0.0	ns	61.2	<.001	0.8	ns
Sick	3.1	ns	3.2	<.05	3.5	<.05
Sleepy	5.7	<.05	15.8	<.001	0.9	ns
Right now	4.5	<.05	82.3	<.001	11.7	<.001

Note. DEN = Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale; DET = Direct Effects of Tobacco Scale; FVC = forced expiratory vital capacity; FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in 1 s; ns = nonsignificant; PFT = pulmonary function test; QSU-Brief = Questionnaire of Smoking Urges—Brief Form.

^adf_{session (S)} = (1, 50), df_{time (T)} = (4, 200), df_{S × T} = (4, 200).

^bdf_S = (1, 52), df_T = (9, 468), df_{S × T} = (9, 468).

^cdf_S = (1, 52), df_T = (4, 208), df_{S × T} = (4, 208).

^ddf_S = (1, 53); df_T = (2, 106), df_{S × T} = (2, 106).

^edf_S = (1, 53), df_T = (2, 106), df_{S × T} = (2, 106).

^fdf_S = (1, 50), df_T = (1, 50), df_{S × T} = (1, 50).

^gdf_S = (1, 53), df_T = (4, 212), df_{S × T} = (4, 212).