Fig. 5. Protein immunoblotting studies.
A) Expression of GLUT 1 was significantly increased in the HCD-R group (*P=0.02). B) Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was increased in the HCD-R group (†P=0.03). There was no significant difference between the control and HCD-R groups (P>0.05). C) PPARγ had a trend toward increased expression in the HCD group (P=0.18). D) RBP4, an inhibitor of GLUT 1 and 4, was increased in the HCD group (‡P=0.009). E) The ratio of phospho-AMPK (thr172) to total AMPK expression was significantly increased in the HCD-R group (§P=0.03). F) The ratio of phospho-mTOR (ser2244) to total mTOR was not different between groups, P=0.28.
