Table 1.

Terminology for comorbid balance disorders, anxiety and migraine.

Term	Taxonomic status	Visual flow and motion sensitivity (symptoms)	Vestibular/balance disorder (signs)	Role of anxious temperament	Initial clinical appearance	Original purpose	Ref.
Space and motion discomfort	Dimension	Necessary	Likely	Low	Anxiety clinic	Identify balance disorders among anxiety patients	[1,23,24]
Space and motion phobia	Syndrome	Necessary	Likely	High	Anxiety clinic	Identify and treat ‘excessive space and motion discomfort’	[1]
Visual vertigo	Syndrome	Necessary	Possible	High	Otoneurology clinic	Identify new balance disorder	[28]
Chronic subjective dizziness	Syndrome	Associated	Not necessary	High	Otoneurology clinic	Identify balance patients in need of psychiatric treatment	[20,29]
Primary somatoform vertigo	Syndrome	Associated	None	High	Otoneurology clinic	Identify balance patients in need of psychiatric treatment, primary gain	[19,30]
Secondary somatoform vertigo	Syndrome	Augmentative	Not necessary	High	Otoneurology clinic	Identify cause for some balance symptoms	[19,30]
Phobic postural vertigo	Diagnosis	Common	Assumed none	Low	Otoneurology clinic	Identify balance patients in need of psychiatric treatment	[27]
Migrainous vertigo/vestibular migraine	Diagnosis	Prominent	By definition	Likely	Otoneurology clinic	Identify cause for some balance symptoms	[7,11,18]
Psychiatric dizziness	Symptom	None	None	High	Otoneurology or psychiatric clinic	Provide Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition diagnosis	[1]
Psychiatric overlay	Interactive factor	Augmentative	By definition	High	Psychiatric clinic	Identify factors contributing to poor adjustment to dizziness	[1]
Migraine– anxiety related dizziness	Diagnosis	Prominent	By definition	High	Otoneurology clinic	Account for comorbidity	[6]