Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios of other risk factors by outcome.
| Esophageal adenocarcinoma | Esophageal SCC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Total number of women (N=161,080) n (%) |
Number of cases (N=23) n (%) |
HR* | [95% CI] | Total number of women (N=161,080) n (%) |
Number of cases (N=34) n (%) |
HR** | [95% CI] |
| BMI (Kg/m2)† | ||||||||
| < 24.9 | 55,559 (35.2) | 2 (8.7) | 0.12 | [0.02, 0.64] | 54,120 (35.2) | 11 (34.4) | 1.00 | ref. |
| 25.0–29.9 | 54,810 (34.7) | 8 (34.8) | 0.42 | [0.14, 1.24] | 53,394 (34.8) | 14 (43.8) | 1.23 | [0.56, 2.72] |
| 30.0–34.9 | 29,227 (18.5) | 7 (30.4) | 0.66 | [0.22, 1.98] | 28,389 (18.5) | 5 (15.6) | 0.86 | [0.30, 2.50] |
| ≥ 35.0 | 18,270 (11.6) | 6 (26.1) | 1.00 | ref. | 17,762 (11.6) | 2 (6.3) | 0.59 | [0.13, 2.72] |
| Ptrend=0.005 | Ptrend=0.529 | |||||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio† | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (x≤0.76) | 39,750 (25.1) | 1 (4.4) | 0.11 | [0.01, 0.83] | 38,730 (25.1) | 4 (12.9) | 0.50 | [0.16, 1.59] |
| Quartile 2 (0.76<x≤0.80) | 39,653 (25.0) | 1 (4.4) | 0.09 | [0.01, 0.73] | 38,611 (25.0) | 6 (19.4) | 0.64 | [0.23, 1.75] |
| Quartile 3 (0.80<x≤0.86) | 39,717 (25.1) | 9 (39.1) | 0.78 | [0.33, 1.87] | 38,627 (25.0) | 10 (32.3) | 0.99 | [0.42, 2.35] |
| Quartile 4 (x>0.86) | 39,399 (24.9) | 12 (52.2) | 1.00 | ref. | 38,330 (24.8) | 11 (35.5) | 1.00 | ref. |
| Ptrend=0.002 | Ptrend=0.173 | |||||||
| Waist circumference† | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (x≤76) | 40,043 (25.2) | 1 (4.4) | 0.08 | [0.01, 0.63] | 39,014 (25.3) | 6 (18.8) | 0.65 | [0.23, 1.84] |
| Quartile 2 (76<x≤84.5) | 39,700 (25.0) | 1 (4.4) | 0.07 | [0.01, 0.55] | 38,681 (25.0) | 9 (28.1) | 0.90 | [0.36, 2.26] |
| Quartile 3 (84.5<x≤95) | 40,787 (25.7) | 6 (26.1) | 0.38 | [0.15, 0.98] | 39,675 (25.7) | 7 (21.9) | 0.65 | [0.25, 1.73] |
| Quartile 4 (x>95) | 38,150 (24.0) | 15 (65.2) | 1.00 | ref. | 37,086 (24.0) | 10 (31.3) | 1.00 | ref. |
| Ptrend< 0.001 | Ptrend=0.564 | |||||||
| Symptoms of heartburn‡ | ||||||||
| Did not occur | 101,628 (64.4) | 9 (39.1) | 1.00 | ref. | 99,110 (64.4) | 23 (71.9) | 1.00 | ref. |
| Mild | 41,517 (26.3) | 8 (34.8) | 1.89 | [0.73, 4.90] | 40,459 (26.3) | 7 (21.9) | 0.71 | [0.31, 1.66] |
| Moderate | 11,623 (7.4) | 4 (17.4) | 3.13 | [0.95, 10.26] | 11,273 (7.3) | 2 (6.3) | 0.70 | [0.16, 2.97] |
| Severe | 3,098 (2.0) | 2 (8.7) | 5.63 | [1.19, 26.59] | 3,026 (2.0) | -- | -- | -- |
| Ptrend=0.009 | Ptrend=0.268 | |||||||
| Cigarette use§ | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 79,517 (51.0) | 8 (34.8) | 1.00 | ref. | 80,514 (50.9) | 7 (21.2) | 1.00 | ref. |
| Past smoker | 65,641 (42.1) | 13 (56.5) | 1.92 | [0.79, 4.65] | 66,551 (42.1) | 17 (51.5) | 2.93 | [1.18, 7.32] |
| Current smoker | 10,860 (7.0) | 2 (8.7) | 2.49 | [0.52, 11.98] | 11,014 (7.0) | 9 (27.3) | 12.67 | [4.55, 35.28] |
| Pack-years of cigarette use§ | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 79,517 (51.9) | 8 (36.4) | 1.00 | ref. | 80,514 (51.9) | 7 (21.9) | 1.00 | ref. |
| < 20 | 44,519 (29.1) | 6 (27.3) | 1.42 | [0.49, 4.12] | 45,147 (29.1) | 7 (21.9) | 1.89 | [0.64, 5.56] |
| 20–39.9 | 16,924 (11.1) | 2 (9.1) | 1.16 | [0.25, 5.48] | 17,136 (11.1) | 10 (31.3) | 7.27 | [2.67, 19.83] |
| ≥ 40 | 12,124 (7.9) | 6 (27.3) | 4.12 | [1.42, 11.99] | 12,299 (7.9) | 8 (25.0) | 7.98 | [2.79, 22.85] |
| Ptrend=0.023 | Ptrend< 0.001 | |||||||
| Alcohol use¶ | ||||||||
| Non-drinker | 17,091 (10.9) | 1 (4.4) | 0.38 | [0.05, 2.87] | 17,291 (11.2) | 2 (6.3) | 1.28 | [0.28, 5.82] |
| Past drinker | 29,318 (18.7) | 5 (21.7) | 1.01 | [0.36, 2.77] | 29,016 (18.7) | 10 (31.3) | 1.96 | [0.92, 4.20] |
| Current drinker | 110,422 (70.4) | 17 (73.9) | 1.00 | ref. | 108,670 (70.1) | 20 (62.5) | 1.00 | ref. |
| Alcohol use¶ | ||||||||
| Non-current drinker | 46,409 (29.6) | 6 (26.1) | 1.00 | ref. | 46,307 (29.9) | 12 (37.5) | 1.00 | ref. |
| < 1 drink/week | 51,721 (33.0) | 8 (34.8) | 1.18 | [0.41, 3.42] | 51,124 (33.0) | 6 (18.8) | 0.41 | [0.15, 1.10] |
| 1–7 drinks/week | 40,331 (25.7) | 7 (30.4) | 1.53 | [0.50, 4.64] | 39,579 (25.5) | 11 (34.4) | 0.83 | [0.36, 1.90] |
| > 7 drinks/week | 18,370 (11.7) | 2 (8.7) | 1.00 | [0.20, 5.06] | 17,967 (11.6) | 3 (9.4) | 0.36 | [0.10, 1.29] |
| Ptrend=0.687 | Ptrend=0.247 | |||||||
| Education | ||||||||
| High school or less | 35,112 (22.4) | 8 (23.5) | 1.00 | ref. | 34,586 (22.5) | 7 (21.9) | 1.00 | ref. |
| Some college/vocational | 59,541 (38.0) | 10 (29.4) | 1.01 | [0.39, 2.62] | 58,360 (37.9) | 10 (31.3) | 0.85 | [0.32, 2.24] |
| College graduate or more | 62,019 (39.6) | 16 (47.1) | 0.55 | [0.17, 1.78] | 60,889 (39.6) | 15 (46.9) | 1.32 | [0.53, 3.33] |
| Ptrend=0.324 | Ptrend=0.445 | |||||||
| Income | ||||||||
| Less than $19,999 | 24,473 (16.6) | 10 (30.3) | 1.00 | ref. | 24,160 (16.7) | 10 (32.2) | 1.00 | ref. |
| $20,000 to $34,999 | 35,833 (24.3) | 13 (39.4) | 0.66 | [0.23, 1.88] | 35,192 (24.3) | 11 (35.5) | 0.76 | [0.32, 1.80] |
| $35,000 to $49,999 | 30,254 (20.5) | 4 (12.1) | 0.25 | [0.05, 1.22] | 29,715 (20.5) | 4 (12.9) | 0.34 | [0.10, 1.11] |
| $50,000 or more | 56,832 (38.6) | 6 (18.2) | 0.60 | [0.20, 1.83] | 55,674 (38.5) | 6 (19.4) | 0.30 | [0.10, 0.88] |
| Ptrend=0.282 | Ptrend=0.013 | |||||||
Numbers only for women with no-missing values for the exposure of interest and corresponding adjusting variables.
*
Adjusted for BMI (continuous), heartburn (did not occur/mild/moderate/severe), White race (white/non-white) and stratified by age (50–59/60–69/70–79), hysterectomy status and study type (HT trial/OS or non-HT trials).
**
Adjusted for pack-years of smoking (never/<5/5–19.9/20–39.9/≥40), drinking (non-drinker/past drinker/<1 drink per week/1–7 drinks per week/>7 drinks per week) and stratified by age (50–59/60–69/70–79), hysterectomy status and study type (HT trial/OS or non-HT trials).
†
Not adjusted for BMI.
‡
Not adjusted for heartburn.
§
Not adjusted for smoking.
¶
Not adjusted for drinking.