Table 4.
Association of H. pylori sero-prevalence by CagA status with dietary micronutrient levels, as determined by a food frequency questionnaire
| H. pylori− (N=66) | H. pylori+, CagA− (N=109) | H. pylori+, CagA+(N=135) | Difference betweenH. pylori− andH. pylori+, CagA− | Difference betweenH. pylori− andH. pylori+, CagA+ | Difference betweenH. pylori+, CagA− andH. pylori+, CagA+ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean intake (SE)a | mean intake (SE)a | mean intake (SE)a | P-valueb | Percent decrease | P-valueb | Percent decrease | P-valueb | Percent decrease | |
| Total carotenoids, mcg/day | 12,014.0 (1.07) | 11,275.5 (1.05) | 11,414.6 (1.05) | 0.45 | 6.1% | 0.56 | 5.0% | 0.87 | −1.2% |
| Alpha-carotene, mcg/day | 342.0 (1.12) | 362.7 (1.09) | 332.6 (1.08) | 0.67 | −6.0% | 0.85 | 2.8% | 0.47 | 8.3% |
| Beta-carotene, mcg/day | 3,370.3 (1.09) | 3,125.5 (1.07) | 3,181.4 (1.06) | 0.47 | 7.3% | 0.59 | 5.6% | 0.84 | −1.8% |
| Lycopene, mcg/day | 4,526.1 (1.08) | 4,324.5 (1.06) | 4,025.6 (1.06) | 0.63 | 4.5% | 0.23 | 11.1% | 0.38 | 6.9% |
| Lutein and zeaxanthin, mcg/day | 2,486.1 (1.10) | 2,460.1 (1.07) | 2,559.9 (1.07) | 0.93 | 1.0% | 0.80 | −3.0% | 0.68 | −4.1% |
| Beta-cryptoxanthin, mcg/day | 161.2 (1.12) | 130.2 (1.09) | 148.1 (1.09) | 0.14 | 19.3% | 0.57 | 8.1% | 0.30 | −13.8% |
| Retinol, mcg/day | 454.1 (1.06) | 438.0 (1.04) | 468.7 (1.04) | 0.59 | 3.5% | 0.65 | −3.2% | 0.24 | − 7.0% |
| Alpha-tocopherol, mg/day | 7.8 (1.04) | 7.4 (1.03) | 7.5 (1.03) | 0.31 | 4.9% | 0.52 | 3.3% | 0.69 | −1.7% |
| Folate, mcg/day | 598.0 (1.04) | 558.9 (1.03) | 580.8 (1.03) | 0.21 | 6.5% | 0.60 | 2.9% | 0.40 | −3.9% |
Abbreviation: SE, standard error
a
adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, education, smoking, use of vitamin supplements, and total energy intake
b
for absolute difference