Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Demographics | HIV-infected (N =1728) | HIV-uninfected (N =663) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 40.4 ± 8.8 | 36.1 ± 9.9 | <0.0001 |
| Race | 0.30 | ||
| White | 230 (13.3%) | 71 (10.7%) | |
| Black | 972 (56.3%) | 387 (58.4%) | |
| Latina | 470 (27.2%) | 179 (27.0%) | |
| Other | 56 (3.2%) | 26 (3.9%) | |
| Weight (kg) (mean ± SD) | 74.5 ± 20.8 | 79.7 ± 22.9 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 28.5 ± 7.5 | 30.0 ± 8.2 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking at index visit | 783 (45.3%) | 337 (50.8%) | 0.017 |
| IDU use | 21 (3.2%) | 49 (2.8%) | 0.68 |
| Ever opiate use | 62 (3.6%) | 33 (5.0%) | 0.13 |
| Ever cocaine use | 50 (2.9%) | 27 (4.1%) | 0.15 |
| Alcohol use | <0.0001 | ||
| Abstainer | 918 (53.1%) | 265 (40.0%) | |
| Light (<3 drinks/week) | 618 (35.8%) | 259 (39.1%) | |
| Moderate (3–13 drinks/week) | 155 (9.0%) | 113 (17.0%) | |
| Heavy (≥ 14 drinks/week) | 37 (2.1%) | 26 (3.9%) | |
| Menstrual history | |||
| Self-reported menopause | 338 (19.6%) | 74 (11.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hormone replacement therapy ever | 124 (7.2%) | 26 (3.9%) | 0.003 |
| Medical history | |||
| Previous fracture | 74 (4.5%) | 35 (5.6%) | 0.37 |
| Diabetes | 332 (19.2%) | 127 (19.2%) | 1.00 |
| HCV RNA positive | 438 (25.4%) | 96 (14.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.6 ± 10.7 | 74.0 ± 10.5 | 0.006 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 0.15 |
| Estimated GFR < 60 (MDRD) | 139 (8.5%) | 36 (5.9%) | 0.042 |
| Calcium supplementation | 95 (5.5%) | 21 (3.2%) | 0.019 |
| Vitamin D supplementation | 184 (41.9%) | 724 (27.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Statin use | 88 (5.1%) | 13 (2.0%) | 0.0004 |
| HIV | |||
| ADI ever | 671 (38.8%) | ||
| CD4+ cell count, at index visit (cells/μl) | 482 ± 320 | ||
| CD4+ cell count, nadir (cells/μl) | 233 ± 183 | ||
| ART at index visita | 1134 (65.6%) | ||
| Protease inhibitor-ART at index visit | 523 (30.4%) | ||
| NNRTI-ART at index visit | 510 (29.6%) |
ADI, AIDS-defining illness; ART, antiretroviral therapy; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IDU, injection drugs; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
a
Including NRTI-only and combination ART.